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Wi-Fi Module PCBA Design | Box Build Assembly Manufacturer

Tuesday, October 22nd, 2024

Wireless technology has transformed the way devices communicate. At the heart of this transformation are Wi-Fi modules. These small components power a wide range of applications, from home automation to industrial systems. In this blog, we’ll explore the functions of Wi-Fi modules, their uses, design considerations in PCB assembly and their differences from Bluetooth.

What is a Wi-Fi Module?

The Wi-Fi module, also known as the wireless module, belongs to the transmission layer of the Internet of Things (loT). It integrates a processor, memory, transceiver, and sometimes an antenna. A Wi-Fi module is to convert the serial port or TTL level into an embedded module that meets the Wi-Fi wireless network communication standards, with built-in wireless network protocol IEEE802.11b.g.n protocol stack and TCP/IP protocol stack.

Wi-Fi Module PCBA Design | Box Build Assembly Manufacturer

The module handles the task of connecting a device to a wireless router, allowing it to send and receive data over the internet. If embedded a Wi-Fi module in traditional hardware devices, then we can directly use Wi-Fi to connect to the Internet. It can be said, it is an important part of wireless smart home, M2M and other IoT applications.

Types of Wi-Fi Module

According to the different functions, Wi-Fi modules can be divided into three categories:

1. General Wi-Fi modules

Such as USB or SDIO interface modules on our mobile phones, laptops and tablets. Wi-Fi protocol stack and driver are run in Android, Windows and IOS systems, which require a very powerful CPU to complete the application.

2. Router Wi-Fi module

The most typical one is our home router, its protocol and driver has powerful Flash and Ram resources chip plus Linux operating system.

3. Embedded Wi-Fi module

Such as 32-bit MCU, built-in Wi-Fi driver and protocol, interface for the general MCU interface such as UART. Suitable for all kinds of smart home or smart hardware items.

What is the Difference Between Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Modules?

While both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth modules enable wireless communication, their usage and performance differ significantly:

1. Frequency

The frequency of Wi-Fi has 2.4G and 5G bands. Wi-Fi 2.4G band has 13 channels, 2401~2423MHz. Wi-Fi 5G frequency band is divided into 5.2G band and 5.8G band, and the 5.8G frequency band is: 149, 153, 157, 161, 165; The 5.2G band must support 11ac, and the available channels are 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, and 64. Under normal circumstances, it is recommended to avoid 52, 56, 60, 64 channels, because they conflict with radar channels;

Bluetooth only has 2.4G band: 2.402GHz ~ 2480GHz, a typical Bluetooth has 76 channels, each channel is 1MHz. And bluetooth BLE has 40 channels, each channel 2MHz, of which 37 channels belong to the data channel, 3 channels belong to the broadcast channel;

2. Application

Wi-Fi can directly access the network, and Bluetooth needs conversion processing. Therefore, WiFi is more suitable for 1-to-many local area networking, such as home and company Internet access environment. Compared with Wi-Fi module, bluetooth is more suitable for short-range and high-stability transmission, such as smart headphones. Additionally, bluetooth mesh networking is especially suitable for smart home wireless control and other applications.

3. Transmission Distance

The transmission distance of Wi-Fi is further than that of Bluetooth, which can reach several hundred meters, while the transmission distance of Bluetooth is generally within 100 meters;

4. Transmission Rate

Wi-Fi: 54Mbps; Bluetooth: 2Mbps;

Wi-Fi is more suitable for big data transmission.

5. Speed

Wi-Fi is generally faster than Bluetooth. It can handle large file transfers or streaming content without any issues. Bluetooth is slower but works well for smaller data transfers like audio streaming or simple file sharing.

What is the Range of a Wi-Fi Module?

‌The coverage range of the WiFi module usually depends on the specific application scenario and environmental conditions. According to the IEEE 802.11 standard, the maximum distance that wireless devices can cover is usually 300 meters, but this depends on the environment is open or not.

In the specific environment, the coverage of the WiFi module will be affected by a variety of factors. For example, in an ideal environment of accessibility and interference, the wireless transmission distance of a wireless router is 100 meters indoors and 300 meters at outdoors. In the actual home environment, the wireless signal will be attenuated when passing through obstacles such as walls, glass, doors, and furniture, affecting the transmission distance. If an external antenna is used, the transmission distance can reach 30 ~ 50 km or even more, depending on the gain of the antenna itself.

Advantages of Wi-Fi Module

1. Wide coverage

WiFi module supports ‌IEEE 802.11b/g/n and other standards to provide a wide range of wireless coverage, suitable for a variety of indoor and outdoor environments.

2. High-speed transmission

WiFi module supports a high data transmission rate, which can meet the requirements of high-speed data transmission, and is suitable for application scenarios with a large amount of data.

3. Compatibility and ecosystem

WiFi module supports a variety of communication protocols, such as ‌Wi-Fi, ‌Bluetooth, etc., has good compatibility and ecosystem, and can be integrated with a variety of devices and services.

4. Easy to install and use

WiFi modules are usually plug and play, easy to install and use, suitable for a variety of devices and system integration.

Disadvantages of a Wi-Fi Module

1. Power consumption

One downside of Wi-Fi modules is their higher power usage compared to other wireless technologies, such as Bluetooth. This can be a concern for devices running on battery power.

2. Interference

Wi-Fi operates on the same frequencies as other devices, such as microwaves and cordless phones.

3. Security

Since Wi-Fi networks are widespread, they can be vulnerable to hacking. Proper security measures, such as encryption, must be implemented to protect data.

What is a Wi-Fi Module Used For?

Wi-Fi modules have a wide range of applications across industries. Actually, it exist everywhere need networks. It can be said, it can be used in every fields. Here are some typical applications:

Smart Homes

Wi-Fi modules power smart devices like security cameras, thermostats, and lighting systems. They connect to a home Wi-Fi network, so users to control them remotely through apps.

Industrial Equipment

In manufacturing or logistics, Wi-Fi modules enable machines to communicate wirelessly.

Consumer Electronics

Devices like laptops, gaming consoles, and smart TVs rely on Wi-Fi modules for wireless internet access.

Healthcare Devices

Medical equipment, such as patient monitors or wearable devices, often use Wi-Fi modules to transmit data to a healthcare provider in real time.

IoT Devices

The IoT relies heavily on Wi-Fi modules. Devices ranging from smart refrigerators to connected doorbells use Wi-Fi to communicate with each other and with cloud-based systems.

Wi-Fi Module Price

Wi-Fi modules are available at various price points, depending on their features and intended use. For instance, the ESP8266 typically costs between $2 to $5. The ESP32, with its additional capabilities, is priced slightly higher, ranging from $5 to $10. High-end industrial Wi-Fi modules can be more expensive, ranging from $20 to $50.

The price may also vary depending on factors like antenna design, supported protocols, and whether the module is designed for mass production or individual projects.

What is the Most Common Wi-Fi Module?

The ESP8266 is one of the most popular and widely used Wi-Fi modules. It is favored in many IoT applications due to its low cost, ease of use, and compact size. Another frequently used module is the ESP32, which offers additional features such as dual-core processing, built-in Bluetooth. In addition to them, there are some other common Wi-Fi module that used in the electronics.

Wi-Fi Module	Description	Frequency Brand	Range	Price	Special Features
ESP8266	Popular for IoT applications due to low cost and ease of use.	2.4 GHz	Up to 150 feet	$2 – $5	Compact size, low power, integrated TCP/IP protocol stack.
ESP32	Offers better performance with dual-core and built-in Bluetooth.	2.4 GHz, Bluetooth	Up to 300 feet	$5 – $10	Dual-core processing, Bluetooth, multiple I/O options.
CC3200	A Texas Instruments Wi-Fi module designed for IoT and smart products.	2.4 GHz	Up to 200 feet	$8 – $15	Built-in ARM Cortex-M4 processor, low power, encryption features.
RN171	A high-performance Wi-Fi module from Microchip.	2.4 GHz	Up to 330 feet	$20 – $30	Embedded TCP/IP stack, simple serial interface.
ATWINC1500	A low-power module designed for IoT and wearable devices.	2.4 GHz	Up to 200 feet	$7 – $15	Ultra-low power, integrated network stack, supports power-saving modes.
WizFi210	A stable Wi-Fi module designed for industrial applications.	2.4 GHz	Up to 300 feet	$10 – $25	Low power, fast boot-up, secure connection.
Roving Networks RN131	Suitable for long-range industrial and commercial applications.	2.4 GHz	Up to 400 feet	$25 – $40	High-performance, robust design, supports SSL encryption.

Considerations in PCBA Design with a Wi-Fi Module

When integrating a Wi-Fi module into PCBA design, several factors need to be considered to ensure optimal performance:

Antenna Design and Placement

A key factor in wireless performance is the placement of the antenna. Ensuring there are no obstructions near the antenna can significantly improve signal strength. The module should be positioned to minimize interference from nearby components.

Power Supply

Wi-Fi modules require a stable and sufficient power supply to function effectively. Voltage fluctuations or insufficient power can result in poor connectivity or even module failure.

Thermal Management

Wi-Fi modules can generate heat, especially during heavy use. Proper heat dissipation methods, such as using heat sinks or thermal vias, should be incorporated into the PCBA design to maintain optimal performance.

EMI and EMC Compliance

Wireless communication devices must adhere to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards. Proper shielding and circuit design can help reduce interference and improve reliability.

Firmware Integration

Many Wi-Fi modules come with firmware that handles wireless communication tasks.

One-Stop Box-Build Assembly for Wireless Communication Devices

For companies looking to develop wireless communication devices, Best Technology is your go-to choice. We offer one-stop PCBA and box-build service that can handle everything from component sourcing and PCBA design to final product assembly. By partnering with us, you can reduce much development time, and get a high quality, fast delivery, low cost PCBA with Wi-Fi modules.

With over 18 years of experience in printed circuit boards and as one of the leading PCB manufacturers, we support over 2,000 customers in different industrial areas worldwide. You can count on a PCB board manufacturer like us to meet your one-stop electronics manufacturing demands. We have an experienced engineer, production and quality team to fully understand the unique requirements of your industry, such as the particular acceptance criteria in medical, automotive, communication and aerospace industries. Contact us right now to get your PCB quotation!

What is a rigid flex pcb?

Rigid flex pcb,rigid-flex printed circuit board，Rigid flex circuit are a hybrid construction flex circuit consisting of rigid and flexible substrates which are laminated together into a single structure. Each layer of rigid-flex circuit are electrically interconnected by plated through holes (PTH), which is different from a flexible circuit with FR4/PI stiffener on top or bottom of flex circuit only by the means of presensive or thermal senstive adhesive only, no PTH.

Rigid-flex PCBs can be divided into single-sided boards, double-sided boards and multi-layer boards according to the number of conductive circuit layers. Multi-layer boards usually contain multiple rigid layers and flexible layers, and the circuits are connected and interconnected through interlayer connections.

Is Rigid flex PCB reliable?

Design and manufacturing efficiency: Designers of rigid-flex boards can use a single component to replace a composite printed circuit board connected by multiple connectors, multiple cables and ribbon cables, which not only has stronger performance and higher stability, but also limits the scope of the design to one component, optimizing the available space by bending and folding the lines like a stacked paper swan.
Space and weight optimization: In PCB prototyping for consumer electronics, the use of rigid-flex boards not only maximizes space use and minimizes weight, but also greatly improves reliability, eliminating many needs for solder joints and fragile and fragile wiring that are prone to connection problems. The design of this circuit board allows the size and weight of equipment and systems to be reduced while maintaining functionality.
High stress environment adaptability: Rigid-flex boards also have high impact resistance and can survive in high stress environments, which makes it widely used in military, aviation and medical equipment.
Excellent electrical performance: Rigid-flex boards provide excellent electrical performance, and good thermal conductivity makes components easy to cool. The lower dielectric constant of the flexible part allows for fast transmission of electrical signals, and the PI substrate has a higher glass transition temperature or melting point, which allows the components to operate well at higher temperatures.
Assembly reliability: Rigid-flex boards reduce the hardware required for traditional rigid boards and flexible boards to be connected, such as traditional jumper sockets, etc., and can provide higher assembly reliability.

What is the difference between rigid flex and semi flex?

Definition and structure
Rigid-flexible board: It is a combination of soft board and hard board, that is, a thin layer of flexible bottom layer and rigid bottom layer are combined and laminated into a single component to form a circuit board1. It changes the traditional flat design concept and expands it to a three-dimensional space concept. It has both rigid layer and flexible layer and is a multi-layer printed circuit board.
Semi-flexible board: It is a PCB used in the field of static bending obtained by combining controlled deep milling or rigid-flexible board processing technology (such as milling cover or opening window, etc.) in the standard hard board processing process2. It often uses FR4 material, first processes the PCB according to the normal process, and then mills the middle part that needs to be bent to make it flexible.
Flexibility and application
Rigid-flexible board: It has higher flexibility and can be bent, folded or rounded, and then integrated into various products, such as aerospace equipment, military aircraft, high-end medical equipment, digital cameras, portable cameras and high-quality MP3 players. ‌
Semi-flexible board: Although it can be bent or curved, its flexibility is not as good as that of rigid-flexible board. It is mainly used in situations where static bending is required, such as endoscopes in medical equipment, injection needle tip protection circuit boards, and medical equipment temperature control circuit boards. ‌
Processing and cost
Rigid-flexible board: Due to the mixed use of multiple materials and multiple production steps, its processing time is longer and the production cost is higher. ‌
Semi-flexible board: Although its processing process is also more complicated, its processing cost is lower than that of rigid-flexible board, and it is more suitable in some applications. ‌
Features and advantages
Rigid-flexible board: It has stronger performance and higher stability, can reduce space and weight, and improve the reliability of connection. ‌
Semi-flexible board: It has the advantages of low cost, good dimensional stability, bendable three-dimensional installation to reduce space, and reduce the number of interfaces during assembly to improve reliability.‌

how do they add rigid layers to flex pcb?

Design layout: Before starting the manufacturing process, the PCB design layout is first carried out to determine the location and connection method of the components. ‌
Substrate preparation: Clean the laminate containing the copper layer to prepare for the subsequent manufacturing process. ‌
Pattern generation: The generation of circuit patterns is completed by screen printing or photo imaging. ‌
Etching process: The laminate with the circuit pattern is soaked in an etching tank or sprayed with an etchant solution for etching. ‌
Mechanical drilling: Circuit holes, pads and via patterns are drilled using a precision drilling system or technology, such as laser drilling technology. ‌
Copper plating process: Deposit the required copper in the plated vias to establish electrical interconnections between layers. ‌
Covering layer application and lamination: Apply the covering layer material (such as polyimide film) and adhesive, and laminate under specific temperature, pressure and vacuum limits to ensure proper adhesion of the covering layer. ‌
Apply stiffeners: Apply local additional stiffeners before additional lamination processes as required by the board design. ‌
Flexible board cutting: Cut flexible boards from production panels using hydraulic punching methods or specialized punching knives. ‌
Electrical testing and verification: Conduct electrical testing in accordance with IPC-ET-652 guidelines to confirm that the insulation, connection, quality, and performance of the circuit board meet the requirements of the design specifications.

What are the disadvantages of rigid flex PCB?

Material damage or breakage: The flexible materials used in rigid-flex boards are susceptible to flexure and bending. Long-term use or improper handling may cause damage or breakage of the flexible part, resulting in an open circuit.
Poor welding: The manufacture of rigid-flex boards requires welding processes. If the welding is poor or the solder joints are of poor quality, it may cause loose connections or solder joints to fall off, resulting in an open circuit.
Excessive bending or stretching: Excessive bending or stretching during use may cause the connection wires or wires of the flexible part to be stretched excessively and break, causing an open circuit.
Design defects: If the design of the rigid-flex board is unreasonable or defective, such as insufficient design of the overbending area or too small bending radius, the material of the flexible part may be damaged by excessive stress, resulting in an open circuit.
Environmental factors: Under different environmental conditions, it may be affected by factors such as temperature, humidity, and chemicals. Long-term use in harsh environments may cause material aging or corrosion, resulting in an open circuit. ‌
Damage during assembly: During the assembly process, improper operation or external force may cause damage to the connecting wires or wires of the flexible part, resulting in an open circuit.

Application fields of rigid flex PCB

Automotive electronics: Rigid-flex boards are widely used in automotive electronic systems such as dashboards, navigation systems, and in-car entertainment systems in the automotive industry. Their flexibility and high reliability enable them to adapt to the complex spatial layout and vibration environment inside the car.
Medical equipment: In the field of medical equipment, rigid-flex boards also have important applications, such as medical monitoring equipment, medical imaging equipment, etc. Its flexible part can adapt to different equipment shapes and size requirements, while having stable circuit connection performance.
Aerospace field: Rigid-flex boards are usually used in aircraft dashboards, navigation systems, communication equipment, etc. in the aerospace field. Due to their light, thin and flexible characteristics, rigid-flex boards have become an ideal choice for aerospace equipment.
Smart wearable devices: With the rapid development of smart wearable devices, rigid-flex boards are widely used in products such as smart watches and health monitoring equipment. They can be combined with curved display screens, sensors and other components to achieve a more humanized design.
Industrial control field: In the field of industrial automation control, rigid-flex boards are often used in PLC controllers, robot control systems, sensor interfaces, etc. Its flexibility and reliability ensure the stable operation of the equipment in harsh environments.

Rigid flex pcb manufacturer

rigid flex pcb.rigid-flex printed circuit board，Rigid flex circuit are a hybrid construction flex circuit consisting of rigid and flexible substrates which are laminated together into a single structure. Each layer of rigid-flex circuit are electrically interconnected by plated through holes (PTH), which is different from a flexible circuit with FR4/PI stiffener on top or bottom of flex circuit only by the means of presensive or thermal senstive adhesive only, no PTH.

Multilayer circuitry-from 3 to 14+ layers
Min LW/LS: 4mil/4mil
Adhesive-based and adhesiveless constructions, including thermoplastic and thermoset stiffener attachment.
Polyimide substrates: 1/2mil – 4mil
Copper: 1/3OZ – 2OZ, RA or ED type
Stiffeners include Polyimide (0.075-0.20mm), FR4 (0.15-2.0mm), and punched or formed metal parts (0.075-1.0mm)
Low-cost, conventional fabrication and lamination completed with PTH based plating
Screened inks, photo-imageable soldermasks, or laminated coverlay dielectrics
Surface finishes: ENIG, electroplated nickel/gold, immersion silver, tin,
EMI Shielding

how to design flex rigid pcb?

Rigid-Flex Circuit Design Guidelines

To form a rigid-flex, follow these considerations to ensure the best results.

Considerations When Designing Rigid-Flex Circuits

To produce a rigid-flex PCB with unmatched quality and functionality, you must follow the correct manufacturing specifications. This is the set guidelines and standards that manufacturers must consider when designing and manufacturing flexible circuit boards.

Determine Manufacturing Process and Materials Beforehand

Depending on the flexibility you require, you need to decide beforehand what materials to use and the methods to use. Example; When the board you are designing only needs to be folded during manufacturing and thereafter be in a fixed position without bending, you can decide the following

Copper type and grade
Manufacturing method
Number of layers to be used.

On the other hand, if the board is for an application with frequent movement, vibration, and impact, you must be clear in choosing the following:

Copper Coils
Adhesives and
Number of Layers

Place Copper Traces at Right Angles to Rigid-Flex

Copperworks is a great fit when placed on the right edge of the board. Avoid bending copper traces at corners as it will pull stress and may not create the best bend. For PCB flex that requires bending, use sharp radius bends to avoid smudging copper traces.

Provide adequate pad support for exposed copper

Repetitive stress from frequent bending can cause copper on the circuit to break away from the polyimide substrate. Support exposed copper with pads to prevent separation.

Use hatched polygons

Hatched polygons instead of solidified copper help maintain the flexibility of flexible PCBs.

Leave at least 1/2mm gap between copper ring and adjacent vias

1/2mm helps avoid fatigue caused by frequent bending. Placing vias in fixed areas of the board helps avoid frequent movement and bending, resulting in the best rigid-flex.

What is a PCB Board?

A printed circuit board (PCB) is an electronic that uses metal conductors to create electrical connections between components. Generally, a PCB is a flat, laminated composite made of non-conductive substrate materials with conductive pathways etched or printed onto it. These pathways, also known as traces, enable the electronic components mounted on the board to communicate with each other.

PCBs are designed to support and electrically connect various components such as resistors, capacitors, diodes, and integrated circuits. The intricate network of copper tracks forms circuits that dictate the device’s functionality. PCBs can range from simple single-sided boards used in basic electronics to complex multi-layered structures found in advanced applications.

Common PCB Structure

A PCB’s structure is composed of several key layers, each serving a distinct purpose. Here is a detailed breakdown of these layers:

Substrate (Base Material)

The substrate, usually made of fiberglass (FR4), provides the board with its rigidity and thickness. It is the foundational layer upon which all other materials are built.

Copper Layer

This conductive layer is typically made of copper foil. For single-sided PCBs, the copper layer is only on one side of the substrate, whereas double-sided and multi-layer PCBs have copper layers on both sides or between multiple layers of substrate.

Solder Mask

The solder mask is a protective layer applied over the copper traces to prevent oxidation and accidental short-circuiting. It insulates the copper traces and leaves the component pads exposed for soldering. The green color commonly associated with PCBs comes from this layer, though it can also be found in other colors like red, blue, black, and white.

Silkscreen

The silkscreen layer is used to add labels, symbols, logos, and other markings to the PCB. This layer helps in identifying component locations and orientations during assembly and troubleshooting.

Components and Connectors (PCBA)

Components such as resistors, capacitors, diodes, and integrated circuits are soldered onto the PCB. Connectors allow the PCB to interface with other boards, power supplies, and external devices.

How Many Types of PCB?

Single-Sided PCBs

These are the simplest types of PCBs, with copper on only one side of the board. You’ll find them in basic, low-cost electronics like calculators, radios, and power supplies. They’re easy to design and manufacture, which keeps costs down and makes them great for straightforward applications.

Double-Sided PCBs

These boards have copper layers on both sides, allowing for more complex circuits. They’re common in more sophisticated electronics like amplifiers, power monitoring systems, and HVAC systems. With increased circuit density and flexible design options, they can handle more complex tasks.

Multi-Layer PCBs

When you need to pack in a lot of circuits, multi-layer PCBs are the way to go. They consist of three or more layers of copper, separated by insulating layers. You’ll see these in high-tech devices like computers, servers, medical equipment, and aerospace electronics. They offer high circuit density, reduced size and weight, and better signal integrity.

Rigid PCBs

Made from solid, inflexible materials like fiberglass, rigid PCBs keep their shape and provide strong support for components. They’re durable and used in everything from simple toys to complex industrial equipment.

Flexible PCBs

These are made from flexible plastic materials like polyimide, allowing them to bend and flex. Perfect for wearable electronics, flexible displays, and compact devices where space is tight. They’re lightweight, can fit into small, irregular spaces, and can handle being bent repeatedly.

Rigid-Flex PCBs

Combining the best of both rigid and flexible PCBs, these are great for devices that need both stability and flexibility, like smartphones, cameras, and medical devices. They save space, reduce the need for connectors and interconnections, and improve reliability.

High-Frequency PCBs

Designed to operate at frequencies above 1 GHz, these are used in communication systems, microwave technology, and high-speed devices. They provide low signal loss and high performance, making them crucial for advanced communication technologies.

Ceramic PCBs

Using ceramic as the substrate material, these PCBs offer excellent thermal conductivity and stability. They’re perfect for high-power applications and environments with extreme temperatures, like LED lighting, power electronics, and aerospace systems. Ceramic PCBs ensure reliable performance in harsh conditions.

Metal Core PCBs

Featuring a metal core, usually aluminum or copper, these PCBs improve heat dissipation. They’re used in high-power applications where efficient thermal management is crucial, such as LED lighting, power supplies, and automotive electronics.

Special PCBs

Bus Bar PCBs

These integrate bus bars for high-current applications, ensuring efficient power distribution and minimal voltage drop. They’re used in heavy-duty power supplies, electric vehicles, and industrial machinery. Bus bar PCBs provide robust and reliable connections for high-power systems.

Heavy Copper PCBs

With thicker copper layers, typically 3 ounces per square foot or more, these PCBs can handle higher currents and enhance thermal management. They’re used in power distribution, automotive, and industrial applications where durability and performance are critical. Heavy copper PCBs ensure reliable operation under high-stress conditions.

HDI (High-Density Interconnect) PCBs

These feature finer lines and spaces, smaller vias, and higher connection pad density. They’re used in advanced electronics like smartphones, tablets, and medical devices where space and performance are paramount. HDI PCBs enable miniaturization and improved electrical performance.

Extra Thin PCBs

Designed with minimal thickness, these PCBs are perfect for fitting into compact and lightweight devices. You’ll find them in flexible displays, wearables, and miniaturized electronic gadgets. Extra thin PCBs allow for innovative design solutions and space-saving configurations.

RF (Radio Frequency) PCBs

Optimized for high-frequency signals, these are used in communication devices, antennas, and microwave applications. They’re designed to minimize signal loss and interference, ensuring optimal performance in wireless communication systems.

High Tg PCBs

These have a high glass transition temperature, making them suitable for high-temperature environments. Used in automotive, aerospace, and industrial applications, high Tg PCBs maintain structural integrity and performance at elevated temperatures.

Impedance Control PCBs

These are designed to maintain consistent impedance for high-speed signal transmission. They’re used in communication devices, high-speed digital circuits, and advanced computing systems. Impedance control PCBs ensure signal integrity and reduce signal loss and reflection.

Why Are PCB Boards So Expensive?

Material Quality

High-grade materials like FR4 (fiberglass), ceramics, and high-quality copper foil are used to ensure durability and performance. These materials are essential for withstanding environmental stress and ensuring reliable operation, but they are expensive. For example, ceramic substrates can cost up to 10 times more than standard FR4 materials due to their superior thermal conductivity and electrical properties.

Complexity of Design

Multi-layer PCBs and advanced designs such as HDI (High-Density Interconnect) boards require complex manufacturing processes. The process involves precise alignment of layers and sophisticated techniques like laser drilling for micro-vias. The added complexity increases the production costs significantly. For instance, a standard 4-layer PCB might cost $50 per square meter, while a 12-layer HDI PCB could cost over $200 per square meter.

Precision and Technology

Manufacturing high-precision PCBs involves advanced machinery for etching, drilling, and plating. This machinery requires significant investment, and the skilled labor needed to operate it adds to the cost. The precision required in the production process ensures that the PCBs meet exacting standards, crucial for high-performance applications. A single advanced PCB drilling machine can cost upwards of $500,000.

Volume of Production

Smaller production runs generally have higher costs per unit because the setup and tooling expenses are spread over fewer units. For example, a low-volume production run of 10 PCBs might cost $100 per board, whereas a high-volume run of 10,000 boards might reduce the cost to $10 per board due to economies of scale.

Testing and Quality Assurance

Rigorous testing, including electrical, thermal, and functional tests, ensures that the PCBs meet strict performance standards. This testing process is vital to ensure reliability, especially in critical applications like medical devices and aerospace. Quality assurance processes can add 20-30% to the overall production cost, but they are essential for maintaining high standards.

What is the Difference Between PCBA and PCB Board?

The terms PCB and PCBA are often used interchangeably, but they refer to different stages of the board’s life cycle. The PCB is the bare board itself, with no electronic components attached. It consists of a non-conductive substrate, copper traces, solder mask, and silkscreen. A PCB serves as the foundation for assembling electronic components.

On the other hand, a PCBA (Printed Circuit Board Assembly) is a PCB that has undergone the assembly process, where all necessary electronic components like resistors, capacitors, diodes, and integrated circuits are soldered onto the board. Essentially, a PCBA is a functional circuit board ready for use in electronic devices. The transition from a PCB to a PCBA involves component placement, soldering, and quality testing, transforming the bare board into an operational assembly. Below is a typical PCBA product for your reference.

What is PCB Board Common Use?

PCB boards are existing in everywhere what we live, for example, the global smartphone market, which relies heavily on PCBs, was valued at approximately $520 billion in 2020. Here are some common applications that PCB used in:

Automotive Industry

In the automotive sector, PCBs are used in engine control units, infotainment systems, and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). These applications enhance vehicle performance, safety, and connectivity.

Medical Devices

PCBs are integral to medical devices such as diagnostic equipment, patient monitoring systems, and implantable devices. They ensure precise and reliable operation, which is critical for patient safety and effective treatment.

Industrial Applications

PCBs are used in control systems, machinery, and power distribution units in industrial settings. They provide robust and durable solutions capable of withstanding harsh conditions and continuous operation.

Telecommunications

In telecommunications, PCBs are essential in routers, switches, and communication devices, ensuring efficient and reliable data transmission. As the demand for faster and more reliable communication networks grows, so does the need for high-quality PCBs.

Why Are Circuit Boards Green?

The characteristic green color of most PCBs comes from the solder mask, a protective layer applied over the copper traces to prevent oxidation, short-circuiting, and to protect the board during soldering.

The green color is traditional, largely due to historical reasons and practical benefits. Green solder mask provides a good contrast against the white silkscreen and the shiny copper traces, making it easier for technicians to inspect and identify components during assembly and troubleshooting. Additionally, green solder mask was one of the first colors to be developed and standardized in the industry, leading to its widespread adoption. However, PCBs are not limited to green; they can also be found in other colors such as red, blue, black, and white, depending on the specific requirements and aesthetic preferences of the project. The choice of solder mask color does not affect the performance of the PCB, but green remains popular due to its well-established manufacturing process and visual advantages.

How to Get Started with Best Technology?

Here at Best Technology, we are experienced in designing all types of PCBs, including standard rigid PCBs, special PCBs, and irregular PCBs. We can design and develop PCBs according to customer specification and offer suggestions on the right materials for your project.

We provide the full series of PCB manufacturing, from the initial PCB design, PCB layout, to custom PCB fabricate, PCB assembly, box building and so forth. By the way, we have our own factory in Vietnam, that means we can ship out the PCBs directly from Vietnam.

Welcome to contact us when you want to get a quote!

What is a High Speed Circuit PCB?

High-speed PCB is a circuit board that can support signal transmission. High-speed signals usually refer to signals with frequencies higher than 50MHz, such as high-speed digital signals, high-speed analog signals, etc. These fast transitions can introduce challenges like signal reflections, electromagnetic interference (EMI), and crosstalk, which can disrupt performance if not properly managed.

Additionally, these signals will be affected by board materials, layout, wiring and other factors during transmission. Therefore, a specially designed circuit board is required to ensure the integrity and reliability of the signal. Here is a 4 layers high speed PCB for Iradar device with 50ohm single-ended impedance control.

Features of High-Speed PCB

High frequency

Low permittivity and low loss factor

Multilayer design

Strict impedance control

High-precision manufacturing

Low noise characteristic

High density circuit layout (micro-vias)

High performance

What is Considered High-Speed PCB Design?

High-speed PCB design focuses on managing the complexities that come with high-frequency signals and fast switching. Key considerations include:

– Signal Integrity: Ensuring signals travel without distortion or loss.

– Power Management: Distributing power effectively to minimize noise and voltage drops.

– Heat Handling: Managing heat from high-speed components to prevent overheating.

– Impedance Matching: Keeping impedance consistent to reduce signal reflections and loss.

– Differential Pair Routing: Reducing EMI and crosstalk by routing complementary signal pairs together.

This type of high speed pcb design requires a solid understanding of electromagnetic principles, advanced simulation tools, and precise manufacturing techniques. For those new to high-speed PCB design, Best Technology offers expert guidance and solutions.

What’s the Best Material for High-Speed PCB Design?

Choosing the right material for high speed pcb is vital for maintaining signal integrity and achieving optimal performance. The material impacts the board’s dielectric constant (Dk), loss tangent, and overall signal quality. Common materials include:

– FR4: Widely used but not ideal for very high frequencies due to higher loss tangent.

– Rogers (RO4000 series): Preferred for high-speed designs thanks to its low dielectric constant and loss tangent.

– Teflon: Excellent for high-frequency applications but more expensive and harder to process.

Selecting the appropriate material ensures the PCB can handle high-speed signals without compromising performance.

Where is the High-Speed PCB Commonly Used in?

High-speed circuit boards are widely used in signal transmission applications, the typical fields are including:

1. Communication equipment – such as 5G base stations, optical fiber communication equipment, etc.

2. Data center – like high-performance computing, storage servers, etc.

3. Consumer electronics in our daily life – high-end smartphones, tablets, gaming devices, etc.

4. Aerospace and military – high speed are always used in high-end devices. For example, radar, navigation systems and other equipment with high reliability requirements.

What is the 3H Rule in High Speed PCB Design?

The 3H rule is a guideline suggesting that signal traces should be spaced at least three times the height of the dielectric (3H) between the signal layer and the adjacent ground or reference layer. This helps minimize crosstalk and maintain signal integrity, particularly for high-speed digital signals with rise times of 1 ns or less. Key aspects include:

– Trace Spacing: Keeping traces apart by at least 3H reduces electromagnetic coupling and interference.

– Signal Integrity: Adequate spacing helps maintain clear signals in high-speed circuits.

– Effectiveness: This rule is especially beneficial for fast digital signals, reducing the risk of crosstalk and interference.

For instance, if the dielectric height between the signal layer and the reference layer is 0.2 mm, traces should be at least 0.6 mm apart to follow the 3H rule.

How to Design a High-Speed Board?

Designing a high-speed PCB involves several strategies to ensure effective signal transmission, power distribution, and minimal EMI. Here’s a step-by-step approach:

Component Placement and Layer Stack-Up

Place high-speed components to minimize signal paths and interference. Group related components to simplify routing. In addition, create a layer stack-up that supports controlled impedance and reduces signal loss. Use ground planes between layers for a return path for high-frequency currents.

Trace Routing and Impedance Control

Keep high-speed traces short and direct, avoiding right-angle bends. Use microstrip or stripline configurations for controlled impedance and minimal noise. For impedance control, calculate and ensure consistent impedance for traces. Use differential pair routing for high-speed signals to reduce EMI and crosstalk.

Power Distribution and EMI Mitigation

Use decoupling capacitors near high-speed components to filter noise and stabilize the power supply. Design a robust power distribution network to minimize impedance and ensure stable voltage. And employ proper grounding and shielding techniques. Route high-speed signals on inner layers between ground planes to reduce EMI and provide a consistent return path.

Simulation and Testing

Use signal integrity analysis tools like SI or PI to simulate the PCB layout, predicting signal behavior and identifying potential issues. Analyze aspects like eye diagrams to assess signal quality.

High-speed PCB design is a complex but rewarding endeavor that ensures your electronics perform efficiently in high-frequency environments. By understanding the fundamentals and applying the right techniques and materials, you can create robust, high-speed boards. Best Technology is here to assist you with expert advice and solutions for your high-speed PCB needs.

Industrial PCB Design Considerations

Control the length of the circuit: Minimize the length of the circuit, especially the key signal lines, to reduce signal attenuation and delay.

Avoid sharp angles and right angles: Right angles and sharp angles should be avoided when wiring, and rounded or 45 degree angles should be used as far as possible to reduce signal reflection and impedance discontinuity.

Line width: Determine the line width according to the current size and thermal requirements to ensure the reliability and stability of the circuit.

Inter-layer wiring: Rational use of multi-layer PCB inter-layer wiring, such as the signal line on the inner layer, power and ground wire on the outer layer.

Impedance control: For high-speed signals, it is necessary to control the line impedance to ensure signal integrity, and carry out impedance matching design if necessary.

Avoid cross and parallel wiring: Try to avoid cross and parallel wiring of signal lines to reduce crosstalk and electromagnetic interference.

What Is A Bus Bar PCB?

At the beginning, we should know what a bus bar PCB is. The Bus bar PCB is a special and newest design that integrates the FR4 material and metal alloy into a whole product, which allows the current transfer path into the circuit board. Due to the current carry capacity and special shape, it also called busbar PCB, embedded bus bar PCB, extruded copper PCB, copper inlay PCB, copper extrusion PCB.

Bus bar circuit board provide a more compact and efficient means of current distribution than traditional wires and cables. This design improves the overall performance of the electronic system by reducing inductance, increasing current carrying capacity, and optimizing heat dissipation.

What Are the Advantages of Bus Bar PCB?

Bus bar PCB offers numerous benefits when be using the power supply applications, its main functions are:

1. Reduce the inductance

Bus bar PCBs reduce inductance by allowing current to flow between tightly spaced conductors. This layout reduces the loop area and thus the inductance value. This is particularly important for high-frequency and highspeed applications, as it reduces voltage spikes and noise, improving system stability and performance.

2. Enhanced current carrying capacity

Due to its large cross-sectional area and high-quality conductive materials, Bus bar PCB can efficiently carry large currents. This is particularly useful in applications that require a large amount of power distribution, such as power supplies, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. Bus bar PCBs support higher current density compared to conventional PCB wiring, which improves thermal management and reliability.

3. Improve thermal management

The Bus bar PCB effectively dissipates heat generated by key components. In high power applications, the buildup of heat can affect performance and life. The Bus bar PCB helps maintain optimal operating temperatures through efficient heat distribution, reducing the need for additional cooling mechanisms.

4. Save space and weight

The compact design of the Bus bar PCB reduces the overall size and weight of the electronic components. Its simple construction and elimination of multiple wire connectors contribute to space savings. This is particularly beneficial for applications where size and weight are critical, such as the aerospace and automotive industries.

5. Improved reliability and durability

Bus bar PCBS have superior mechanical strength and durability compared to traditional wiring systems. Its robust construction and secure connections reduce the risk of loose connections, failure due to vibration, and mechanical wear. This improves system reliability and service life for harsh environments and demanding applications.

6. Simplify assembly and maintenance

Using a Bus bar PCB simplifies the assembly process because it reduces the number of individual wires and connectors. This not only speeds up installation, but also reduces assembly errors. In addition, the Bus bar PCB provides a more orderly and accessible layout for easy troubleshooting and repair.

7. Cost effective

Although there may be a high initial cost, Bus bar PCBs can provide cost savings in the long term. Its advantages in reduced inductance, improved thermal management and enhanced reliability reduce operating and maintenance costs. In addition, Bus bar PCB reduces the need for addons, such as heat sinks or complex wiring bundles, thereby increasing overall cost effectiveness.

What Applications of Bus Bar PCB?

Due the high current carry capacity of the bus bar PCB, makes it very suitable for power supply or power management devices. Bus bar PCB can perform well in such fields. Here are some common application examples that bus bar PCB can be used for. If you are seeking for a PCB to integrate into your power supply project, then bus bar PCB is the go-to-choice.

1. Power Electronics

In power converters, inverters and high-current power supplies, Bus bar PCBS are widely used because of their ability to efficiently handle high currents and excellent thermal performance.

2. The Automobile industry

Another popular field that bus bar PCB used in is automotives, especially in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). In the electric cars, it can be used for battery connectivity and power distribution, contributing to weight reduction and performance improvements.

3. Renewable energy

Bus bar PCB is an environment friendly material, it is often used in solar systems, wind turbines and energy storage solutions to manage high currents and enhance reliability.

4. Industrial equipment

In industrial machinery and equipment, Busbar PCB provides powerful and efficient power distribution for motors, drives and control systems.

5. Aerospace

Bus bar PCBS are used in aerospace applications, such as avionics and power distribution systems, where size, weight and reliability are key factors.

Final Words

All in all, bus bar PCB offers significant advantages in handling high currents, improving thermal management, and providing reliable power distribution across various applications. By integrating bus bar PCBs, industries can achieve better power management, reduced system size and weight, and improved overall reliability.

Best Technology is a one-stop PCB solution provider in Asia, we offer various kinds of PCBs not only include bus bar PCB, but also Extra thin PCB, RF PCB, HDI PCB, Heavy copper PCB, Ceramic PCB, Metal Core PCB, Flex PCB and rigid flex PCB, PCBA and so more. We have more than 17 years-experience in PCB design and manufacturing, and served more than 1200 customers. Choosing Best Technology as your supplier ensures you get high quality PCBs, helping to improve the performance and competitiveness of your products. Contact us right now to customize your own PCB!

What are the Main Features of Rogers Printed Circuit Board?

Rogers boards are made of a proprietary amide resin material, which gives them excellent dielectric properties, thermal stability and mechanical strength. Even in extreme working environments such as high temperature and humidity, high frequency and high speed, Rogers PCB board can maintain stable operation, showing its strong adaptability and reliability. Whether it is to improve the performance of electronic equipment, or to ensure the stability of the system, Rogers PCB board plays a vital role. Below are some main features and benefits of Rogers PCB.

Special substrates

Unlike traditional PCB materials based on glass fiber reinforced epoxy resins such as FR-4, Rogers PCBs are ceramic filled or based on high-performance substrates such as liquid crystal polymers (LCP), for example, RO4350B, RT/duroid series, TMM series and TC series. These substrates provide excellent electrical properties, such as low dielectric constant (εr) and low dielectric loss factor (Df), ensuring low signal loss and high-speed during transmission.

High frequency performance

Rogers PCB is particularly suitable for high frequency applications, because its material characteristics make the circuit board can maintain extremely low signal attenuation and stable electrical performance at operating frequencies up to tens or even hundreds of GHz. This makes them excellent in radar systems, satellite communications, 5G/6G network equipment, radio frequency identification (RFID) systems, high-speed data transmission interfaces (such as USB, PCIe) and other applications.

Temperature stability

Rogers material has excellent thermal stability and low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), which matches the thermal expansion rate of copper foil, helping to reduce the stress and deformation caused by temperature changes, ensuring the reliability of the circuit when working in a wide temperature range.

Mechanical strength and heat resistance

Due to the use of high-performance composite materials, Rogers PCB usually has high mechanical strength and good high temperature resistance, and can adapt to harsh environmental conditions and heat dissipation requirements.

Surface treatment

Rogers PCB can carry out a variety of surface treatments, such as gold plating, silver plating, organic welding film (OSP), etc., to meet the specific requirements of different applications for weldability, oxidation resistance, contact resistance, etc.

Multi-layer structure and fine traces

Rogers PCB can be made into single-layer to multi-layer structure, support high density interconnect (HDI) design, with fine lines (such as line width/line distance up to 0.3mm or smaller) and small aperture (such as 0.3mm), suitable for complex and precise high-frequency circuit design.

Low moisture absorption

Rogers material moisture absorption rate is very low, even in high humidity environment can maintain stable electrical performance, reduce the impact of moisture on dielectric properties, to ensure long-term reliability. In summary, Rogers printed circuit board is a high-end, professional-grade circuit board product, with its excellent high frequency characteristics, stable electrical performance, excellent temperature stability, and wide applicability, becoming the ideal choice to meet the demanding requirements of modern high performance electronic equipment and communication systems.

Why Use Rogers Printed Circuit Boards?

High frequency PCBs often need high performance with low signal losses, low electrical noise, or high board temperatures. To meet this need Rogers Corp. PCB materials are often used as they are cost effective vs. many of the alternatives. Here are some typical Applications for Rogers PCB:

All kinds of the Microwave equipment.

5G Cellular Base Station Antennas and Power Amplifiers

Automotive Radar and Sensors

RF Identification (RFID) Tags

Direct Broadcast Satellites for low noise block downconverter

Medical equipment such as monitoring instrument, cardiac pacemaker, MRI, etc.

Military and aerospace

Rogers series is often used in RF PCBs with frequencies 6+ GHz and in high heat applications that need ceramic laminates and low signal losses. It may also be used to minimize electrical noise to meet stringent performance requirements.

In our next blog from Best Technology, we are going to share more information about different material from Rogers PCB. pls follow us and if you want to know more about the Rogers PCB, warmly welcomed to visited www.bestpcbs.com or email us, it would be our great pleasure to answer all the questions for Rogers PCB.

What is Stamp Hole on PCB and its Purpose?

Stamp holes, also sometimes called breakaway holes or mouse bites, are small holes drilled in a row or array along the rails or edges of each circuit board within the panel. They look like the edges of a stamp, so people call it “stamp holes”.

Stamp hole is used primarily in the process of depanelized PCBs. De-paneling is the process of separating individual PCBs from a larger panel, which is a common method in PCB manufacturing to improve production efficiency and reduce costs. The larger panel makes handling and processing multiple PCBs easier during the manufacturing process. In some ways, panel also improves the utilization of the raw materials. Once the manufacturing steps are complete, the individual PCBs need to be separated for use in their corresponding devices. And these holes between the single PCBs can create a weak point along which the boards can be easily broken apart after manufacturing be completed.

Why Use Stamp Holes Expertise In PCBs?

It is possible to use stamp holes if the boards are abnormal shaped or round. The stamp hole is connected between each circuit boards, which mainly plays a supporting role and avoid PCB be scattered. Most commonly, they are used to create PCB stand-alone modules, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or core board modules, which are then used as stand-alone components placed on another board during PCB assembly.

The use of stamp holes allows for a relatively clean break along the separation line, but it may leave behind rough edges or require additional finishing steps to smooth out the remnants of the perforation points. This method of depaneling is a cost-effective solution and can be used for various types of PCBs, but it might not be suitable for very delicate circuits or when a perfectly smooth edge is required. In addition, V-cut and hollow connection strips also are the common depaneling ways for PCBs.

What are differences between Stamp Hole, V-cut and Hollow strip?

When preparing a panel for the manufacturing of multilayer PCBs, it’s essential to consider a method used to connect individual boards within the panel. As mentioned above, there are three connection methods for PCB technology, each serving different types of PCB designs and requirements. So, which one is the better or how to choose a suitable one for your project? Welcome to keep reading.

V-Cut (V-slot)

V-cut is the most common way to separate the PCBs during the circuit board manufacturing. It mainly utilizes for PCBs with straight edges or straight lines. This method involves cutting a V-shaped groove along the line where two PCBs are connected within the panel. When implemented, V-cuts leave a narrow gap (the width of the V-cut itself) between the boards. V-cut depth is an essential point during the process, make sure it has 1/3 depth on top and bottom side. The V-cut is especially suitable for standard, rectangular PCB designs, allowing for a clean and efficient separation of the boards once all other manufacturing processes have been completed.

Stamp Holes

For PCBs with unique or irregular shapes, stamp holes are often the preferred method of connection. Its process involves drilling multiple small holes in an array at the points where the individual PCBs connect within the panel. These holes create a perforated line that weakens the material enough to facilitate easy separation of the boards by applying minimal force, without compromising the integrity of the circuitry. But this way can only be used if you don’t have strict requirements for burrs on edges. And it is easy to damage the whole board if use improper approach.

Hollow Connecting Strips

Hollow connecting strips are used in scenarios where a very narrow strip of material is left to connect the boards within the panel. This method is particularly useful for PCBs utilizing half-hole (castellated holes) technology. The narrow strips maintain the alignment and integrity of the PCBs during the manufacturing process but can be easily removed or broken away to separate the individual boards. Hollow strip is less common but essential for specific designs and technologies.

Each of these connection methods has its specific applications, advantages, and considerations. The choice between V-cuts, stamp holes, and hollow connecting strips depends on the design of the PCB, the requirements of the manufacturing process, and the desired ease of separation post-manufacturing.

How to Add Stamp Holes on Your Circuit Board?

Designing stamp holes is a critical step in preparing your PCB for the depaneling process. This includes creating a series of small holes along the intended lines of separation between individual boards in a panel. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you incorporate stamp holes into your PCB design effectively:

1. Understand the Purpose

Recognize that stamp holes are used to facilitate the manual separation of PCBs from a panel after the manufacturing process, minimizing the risk of damage to the board and its components.

2. Plan Your Layout

Placement: Decide where the stamp holes will be located on your PCB layout. They should be placed along the edges where the PCB will be separated from the panel.

Number and Spacing: The number of stamp holes and their spacing can significantly affect the ease of PCB separation. Typically, a distance of 0.5mm between holes and 1.0mm between centers of holes are used, but this may vary based on the PCB material and thickness.

3. Select the Hole Size and Quantity

The diameter of stamp holes usually ranges from 0.6 mm to 1 mm. The size may depend on your specific requirements and the capabilities of your PCB manufacturer. As for quantity, 5-8 holes in an array is good (always 2 arrays/rows), more also is available, it can be adapted based on your specific needs.

4. Arrangement of Stamp Holes

Two rows of stamp holes should be added at the edge of the PCB, extending slightly into the board. This design ensures that any burrs left on the board edge after separation will not affect the PCB’s overall dimensions. If there are traces or other critical components on the edge of the board, ensure that the stamp holes are placed to avoid damaging these elements during separation.

5. Design Using PCB Design Software

Use your PCB design software (such as Altium Designer, Eagle, or KiCad) to add the stamp holes to your design. This can usually be done by placing a series of via or pad holes along the separation lines.

Some software packages may offer tools to automate this process, allowing you to specify the number of holes, their spacing, and diameter, and then automatically place them along a line.

6. Consult with Your Manufacturer

Before finalizing your design, consult with your PCB manufacturer for any specific guidelines or requirements they have for stamp holes. This can include preferred sizes, spacing, and any additional considerations to ensure the depaneling process goes smoothly.

Provide detailed documentation of your stamp hole design to your manufacturer to avoid any confusion during the production process.

7. Review and Adjust

After adding the stamp holes to your design, review the layout to ensure that there is adequate clearance between the holes and any nearby components or traces. This is crucial to avoid damage during the separation process.

Adjust the size, spacing, and number of stamp holes as necessary to meet both your design requirements and the manufacturer’s capabilities.

In the design process, these considerations should be adjusted based on the specific PCB design and manufacturing requirements. Moreover, find a reliable PCB manufacturer to ensure these design details are accurately implemented is key to successfully fabrication.

Best Technology specializes in PCB manufacturing for more than 17 years, offering comprehensive PCB production and design services to over 200 countries worldwide. To ensure the best quality and fast delivery, we set up a strictly quality control system according to ISO9001 and equipped with advanced measured devices such as AOI, X-RAY, 2D, 3D measurement tools in our factory. We provide 24/7 hours service and commitment with a timely reply within 10 hours. We sincerely appreciate your any comments or consults, welcome to contact us at any time.

What affects the cost of a PCB?

Drives the cost of PCBs are numerous, we can see from the PCB itself, for example, circuit board substrate materials, the external factors such as the manufacturing difficulties, the whole order quantities and some other special requirements that from designers.

Here, we listing some basic parameter factors which drives the whole cost of a PCB.

PCB substrate material

The substrate of PCB board refers to the material used in the non-conductor part of the circuit board, mainly FR4, glass fiber, epoxy resin, polyimide, copper, aluminum and so on. In the PCB manufacturing, glass fiber is widely used in the manufacture of double-sided circuit board and multi-layer board, while epoxy resin and polyimide are used in the manufacture of high-density multi-layer board. Among them, copper substrate is most expensive material. No matter what kind of materials, all of them shall be calculated according to the real-time international price.

PCB size (panel and single pcs)

PCB size will determine the price of PCBs, this is for sure. Generally speaking, with a same number of PCB layers, the smaller the PCB size, the cheaper the cost. Because during calculating cost, vendors will consider the utilization rate of raw materials. Make sure the highest utilization, the cost for both purchaser and vender will be best. The raw material of PCBs is commonly 1200mm*1200mm, or 1220mm for special specifications, when the utilization achieves 90% or above, this is the best.

So, how to improve the utilization of raw materials? Normally, manufacturers will optimize the working files (WF) from single size to panel size, and then material will be cut according to the panel files. But if the panel size is not suitable, then there will be a lot of waste edges of raw material in the cutting process, and generally this will be added into your PCB price. So that the unit PCB price will be more expensive. In another word, if you PCB size is well-suited, then it is good for PCB manufacturer and yourself. And at this time, the utilization will be the highest and your PCB cost is the cheapest as well.

Line width/spacing

To a certain extent, as long as you are following the PCB design rules, the PCB price will not too high. However, if your design is complex and the line width is extreme thin, then the price will increase since it is difficult to control during manufacturing.

PCB layers

According to the IPC standard, PCBs can be classified to single-layer PCB, double sided PCB and multilayer PCB. For layer count over than 2 layers, we called it as Multilayer PCBs, such as 4 layers PCB, 6 layers PCB. For FR4 PCB, we can make up to 32layers.

Due to the manufacturing process and some unpredictable assembling cycles, the more the layers, the more expensive it is. (The price of single side PCB is the similar to double sided PCBs.)

Solder mask ink color

In the past, it is no doubt that you will spend more if you want every color expect green. But now things are changeable. Most colors are available at no or very little extra cost, which usually only occurs for unique requests such as matte tones.

PCB copper foil thickness

The weight of copper foil depends on the successful utilization of the material. Thicker copper is more expensive and comes with additional manufacturing difficulties and expenses. You may also have to fill the holes with copper foil to connect layers. In addition, heavier copper means you need to spend more cost in shipping. Let’s take a simple example, for aluminum core PCB and copper core PCB, in the same volume and quantities, copper core PCB stands out for expensive shipping cost since it has thicker copper and heavier weight.

PCB surface treatment

Surface treatment is a method that using for protecting the surface from corrosion and improve the solderability. Usually, in consideration of environmental friendliness, vendors can use a couple of gold or silver to achieve further safety for use in some applications.

The commonly used surface treatment methods include OSP, IMMERSION SILVER, ENIG, ENEPIG and HASL (LF). Among them, the price is ENEPIG>ENIG>IMMERSION SILVER>OSP>HASL. You can calculate the PCB board price according to the surface treatment method and gold thickness.

Quantity and lead time

When developing a new project, almost of companies would like to make prototypes first and ask for a sample quotation. However, some PCB manufacturers will set the minimum order quantity, the smaller the quantity, the higher cost the PCB board. Please make sure to check the price for different amount before placing an official order.

Meanwhile, the delivery time request also will affect the whole price in a certain. And certainly, the price of quick turn order and expedited service will higher than normal order.

Other special requirements (impedance, IPC standard)

To ensure the stable transmission of circuit board signals and improve the quality of signal transmission, designers and engineers will ask for impedance control for the traces. This can be seen as special requirements, so it will add a few extra prices. And the required IPC Criteria is a factor as well. Normally, if customer does not have other request, we will default use IPC class II. III level will more expensive.

Above all are the mainly factors that affect the price composition for a printed circuit board. When evaluating your PCB cost, making them in your consideration is best.

PCB and PCBA supplier that can save cost for you – Best Technology

When you are seeking for a reliable PCB and PCBA supplier, I would like to recommend Best Technology to you. Best Tech offers one-stop service including raw material purchasing, PCB making, components searching, assembly, box building and package out of warehouse. What we can provide is not limited to PCB, but also metal core PCB, ceramic PCB, flexible PCB, rigid flex PCB, special PCB like HDI PCB, heavy copper PCB, extra thin PCB and so on. During the 17 years, the Best Technology company has served include medical industry, consumer electronics, new energy, automotive electronics, aerospace, military and others.

Could it be said that you are searching for a PCB supplier that can provide favorable price that lower than market? If this is true, please go ahead and reach us today, let’s talk about more PCB information right now and start our business trip together. We promise, when you decide to take the first step, and we’ll take the remaining 99 steps.

Archive for the ‘RF Board’ Category

What is a Wi-Fi Module?

Types of Wi-Fi Module

What is the Difference Between Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Modules?

What is the Range of a Wi-Fi Module?

Advantages of Wi-Fi Module

Disadvantages of a Wi-Fi Module

What is a Wi-Fi Module Used For?

Wi-Fi Module Price

What is the Most Common Wi-Fi Module?

Considerations in PCBA Design with a Wi-Fi Module

One-Stop Box-Build Assembly for Wireless Communication Devices

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What is a rigid flex pcb?

Is Rigid flex PCB reliable?

What is the difference between rigid flex and semi flex?

how do they add rigid layers to flex pcb?

What are the disadvantages of rigid flex PCB?

Application fields of rigid flex PCB

Rigid flex pcb manufacturer

how to design flex rigid pcb?

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What is a PCB Board?

Common PCB Structure

How Many Types of PCB?

Special PCBs

Why Are PCB Boards So Expensive?

What is the Difference Between PCBA and PCB Board?

What is PCB Board Common Use?

Why Are Circuit Boards Green?

How to Get Started with Best Technology?

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What is a High Speed Circuit PCB?

Features of High-Speed PCB

What is Considered High-Speed PCB Design?

What’s the Best Material for High-Speed PCB Design?

Where is the High-Speed PCB Commonly Used in?

What is the 3H Rule in High Speed PCB Design?

How to Design a High-Speed Board?

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Industrial PCB Design Considerations

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What Is A Bus Bar PCB?

What Are the Advantages of Bus Bar PCB?

1. Reduce the inductance

2. Enhanced current carrying capacity

3. Improve thermal management

4. Save space and weight

5. Improved reliability and durability

6. Simplify assembly and maintenance

7. Cost effective

What Applications of Bus Bar PCB?

Final Words

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What are the Main Features of Rogers Printed Circuit Board?

Why Use Rogers Printed Circuit Boards?

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What is Stamp Hole on PCB and its Purpose?

Why Use Stamp Holes Expertise In PCBs?

What are differences between Stamp Hole, V-cut and Hollow strip?

How to Add Stamp Holes on Your Circuit Board?

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What affects the cost of a PCB?

PCB and PCBA supplier that can save cost for you – Best Technology

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