What is Vias Plugged PCB and Why is It Important?

January 8th, 2025

Vias Plugged PCB has become a common technique to improve the integrity and functionality of a board in the world of PCB (Printed Circuit Board) manufacturing. This process involves filling or sealing the holes, known as vias, which are used to create electrical connections between different layers of a PCB. But why is via plugging so important, and what does it involve? In this blog, we’ll dive into what via plugging is, the different types of vias, and its role in PCB design and performance. Let’s explore the various aspects of this technique and its significance in the world of PCB production.

What is Via Plugging in PCB?

Via plugging is the process of filling or sealing vias, which are holes drilled into a PCB to establish electrical connections between different layers. These vias can be plugged for various reasons, such as preventing unwanted signals from traveling through the vias or ensuring better protection against environmental factors like moisture. The plugging material used may vary, but most commonly, it’s a resin, green oil, or solder mask. The plugged vias add structural integrity to the PCB and enhance its electrical performance.

What Are the Different Types of Vias in PCB?

PCBs can have several types of vias, each designed for specific purposes. The main types include:

Through-hole Vias: These are the most common vias, which pass through the entire board and connect all the layers.

Blind Vias: These connect an outer layer to one or more inner layers but do not pass through the whole PCB.

Buried Vias: These are located entirely within the PCB and do not reach the outer layers, offering a more compact design.

Micro Vias: Smaller than standard vias, they are used in high-density interconnects (HDI) PCBs to create intricate circuits.

Each type of via has its own purpose and is selected based on the design requirements of the PCB.

What’s the Purpose of Vias in PCB?

Vias serve several critical functions in PCB design. Their primary purpose is to provide electrical connections between different layers of the board. This allows signals to travel between top, bottom, and inner layers, creating complex and multi-layer circuits. Vias are also essential for thermal management, helping to dissipate heat across the PCB, ensuring it operates efficiently and remains within temperature limits.

What is the Difference Between Via Plug and Via Fill?

While both processes involve filling vias, they are slightly different in their application. Via plugging refers to sealing the via to prevent signal interference or to fill the via with a non-conductive material, such as resin or solder mask. Via filling, on the other hand, is typically done with a conductive material to ensure that the via still maintains an electrical connection, especially in high-frequency or high-performance PCBs.

What is the Difference Between Tented Via and Untented Via?

A tented via is a via that is sealed with a solder mask over the hole to protect it from environmental damage. This method is often used to prevent moisture or contaminants from entering the via. On the other hand, an untented via remains open and unsealed. Tented vias are commonly used in consumer electronics where the environment is relatively controlled, while untented vias may be seen in applications where electrical continuity is more critical than protection.

What is the Difference Between a PCB Hole and a Via?

The primary difference between a PCB hole and a via lies in their function. A PCB hole is simply a hole in the board, often used for mechanical purposes, such as mounting or securing components. A via, however, is specifically designed for electrical connections between the different layers of the PCB. While holes can be part of a PCB design, vias play a much more specific and functional role in the overall circuit design.

Do Vias Increase PCB Cost?

Yes, vias can increase the cost of manufacturing a PCB. The more complex the via design (e.g., blind or buried vias), the higher the cost due to the additional drilling and processing required. Moreover, the use of via plugging materials, such as resins or green oil, also adds to the cost. However, despite the cost increase, vias are often necessary for high-performance PCBs, especially those used in complex electronics, where the design requirements outweigh the cost considerations.

When to Use Vias in PCB?

Vias are used in PCBs when there’s a need for multi-layered designs or when connecting different electrical components across multiple layers is required. They are often used in high-density and high-frequency PCBs, such as those found in smartphones, computers, and medical devices. If you are designing a PCB that needs to be compact but complex, vias will be essential for providing the necessary electrical connections without compromising space.

Via plugging is an essential process in PCB manufacturing that contributes to both the functionality and durability of the board. Whether you’re working with through-hole, blind, buried, or micro vias, plugging them at the right time and with the right materials ensures that your PCB will perform optimally. By understanding the different types of vias and how they contribute to the overall design, you can make more informed decisions about when and how to use them in your PCB projects.

At Best Technology, we specialize in high-quality PCB manufacturing, offering a range of solutions for your project needs. From via plugging to precision design, we ensure that every PCB we produce meets the highest standards of performance and reliability. If you’re looking for a trusted partner for your PCB needs, reach out to us today at sales@bestpcbs.com!

Tags: PCB, pcb design, printed circuit board, Vias Plugged PCB
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What Makes FR4 4 Layer PCB Ideal for Modern Electronics?

January 8th, 2025

FR4 4 layer PCB is a crucial component in modern electronics, offering a blend of durability, reliability, and efficiency. Built using flame-retardant FR4 material, these multilayer boards are designed to handle complex circuits while maintaining excellent performance. Their unique structure, with multiple conductive and insulating layers, supports advanced applications in high-speed and high-density designs. This blog explores the features, structure, and benefits of FR4 4-layer PCBs, answering key questions to provide a clear understanding of their role in electronic manufacturing.

What is FR4 PCB?

FR4 PCB refers to a printed circuit board made from a material called FR4. This material is a type of fiberglass-reinforced epoxy laminate that is widely used in the electronics industry. Its name, FR4, stands for “Flame Retardant 4,” which indicates its excellent fire-resistant properties. FR4 is highly valued for its strength, lightweight nature, and ability to withstand high temperatures. These qualities make it ideal for manufacturing PCBs, which serve as the backbone of electronic devices.

FR4 is not just a material; it is the standard for most PCB substrates. Its insulating properties help protect circuits from electrical interference, while its rigidity provides stability to the board. In the world of electronics, FR4 has become synonymous with reliability and performance.

Is FR4 Electrically Conductive?

No, FR4 is not electrically conductive. It is an insulating material, which is one of its most critical features. This non-conductive nature allows it to act as a barrier between different layers of a PCB, ensuring that electrical signals remain confined to their intended paths. This property is essential for preventing short circuits and signal interference.

The non-conductive nature of FR4 ensures that it can be used in multilayer PCBs without compromising performance. Manufacturers rely on its insulating capabilities to create intricate designs that support complex electronic systems. Its ability to maintain electrical isolation while providing mechanical support makes it indispensable in the industry.

What is a 4-Layer PCB?

A 4-layer PCB is a type of multilayer printed circuit board that consists of four distinct layers of conductive material. These layers are separated by insulating materials like FR4 and are laminated together to form a single board. The typical structure includes two outer layers and two inner layers, each serving specific purposes such as signal transmission, grounding, or power distribution.

4-layer PCBs are commonly used in devices that require compact designs and advanced functionality. They provide enhanced performance compared to single-layer or double-layer PCBs, making them suitable for high-speed circuits and applications with stringent space constraints. Their structure allows for efficient routing, reduced electromagnetic interference, and improved overall performance.

What is a 4-Layer PCB Structure?

The structure of a 4-layer PCB is carefully designed to optimize performance and functionality. Typically, the layers are arranged as follows:

Top Layer (Signal Layer): This is where most of the components are mounted, and primary signal routing occurs.

Inner Layer 1 (Ground Plane): Dedicated to grounding, this layer helps reduce noise and electromagnetic interference.

Inner Layer 2 (Power Plane): This layer is used for power distribution, ensuring consistent voltage levels across the board.

Bottom Layer (Signal Layer): Similar to the top layer, this is used for additional signal routing and component placement.

The separation of power and ground layers helps in maintaining signal integrity and minimizing interference. The insulating layers, often made of FR4, ensure electrical isolation between the conductive layers, enabling reliable and stable operation.

How Thick is 4 Layers of PCB?

The thickness of a 4-layer PCB can vary depending on its design and application. Generally, the total thickness ranges from 0.4mm to 3.2mm. The most common thickness for standard 4-layer PCBs is around 1.6mm, which balances durability and flexibility.

The choice of thickness depends on factors such as the number of components, the complexity of the circuit, and the intended use of the board. Thicker boards offer more mechanical strength, while thinner boards are suitable for compact devices. The use of FR4 as the core material ensures that even thin boards maintain their rigidity and reliability.

What is the Standard Thickness of a Copper Layer on a PCB?

The standard thickness of a copper layer on a PCB is typically measured in ounces per square foot. For most 4-layer PCBs, the standard copper thickness is 1 ounce per square foot, which translates to approximately 35 microns. However, depending on the application, this thickness can be increased to 2 ounces or more for high-current designs.

Copper thickness plays a crucial role in determining the current-carrying capacity and thermal management of the PCB. Thicker copper layers are often used in power distribution layers to handle higher currents, while thinner layers are sufficient for signal transmission.

How to Route a 4-Layer PCB?

Routing a 4-layer PCB requires careful planning and adherence to design principles. The process typically involves the following steps:

Define Layer Functions: Assign specific roles to each layer, such as signal routing, grounding, or power distribution.

Use Ground and Power Planes: Dedicate inner layers to ground and power planes to reduce noise and improve signal integrity.

Minimize Crosstalk: Maintain adequate spacing between traces to prevent signal interference.

Optimize Trace Widths: Ensure trace widths are appropriate for the current-carrying requirements.

Follow Design Rules: Adhere to industry standards and guidelines to ensure manufacturability and performance.

Software tools like PCB design software can assist in creating efficient layouts. By carefully considering the layer stackup and routing strategy, designers can achieve optimal performance and reliability.

Why is FR4 Used in PCBs?

FR4 is widely used in PCBs because of its exceptional properties. It offers high mechanical strength, excellent thermal stability, and reliable electrical insulation. These qualities make it suitable for a wide range of applications, from consumer electronics to industrial machinery.

Its lightweight nature and ease of fabrication further contribute to its popularity. FR4 can withstand high temperatures and resist moisture, ensuring durability in harsh environments. Moreover, its cost-effectiveness makes it an attractive choice for manufacturers, enabling them to produce high-quality PCBs without significantly increasing costs.

In conclusion, FR4 remains a cornerstone material in PCB manufacturing due to its unmatched combination of performance, reliability, and affordability. Its versatility ensures that it will continue to play a pivotal role in the advancement of electronic technologies. At Best Technology, we pride ourselves on delivering multiple types of FR4 4 layer PCB products that meet your high-quality standards while maintaining fast delivery times. For more information or any inquiry, warm welcome to reach out to us at sales@bestpcbs.com.

Tags: FR4 4 Layer PCB, FR4 PCB, Multi-Layer PCB, pcb design, printed circuit board
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What is remote control PCB? PCB Design & Production

January 7th, 2025

What is remote control PCB? The remote control PCB is an electronic circuit board inside the remote control, which is used to connect and support various electronic components to realize signal transmission and processing. It connects the microcontroller, communication module, input components, and power management components through conductive lines, so that the remote control can receive the user’s input signal, convert it into a control signal, and realize remote control of equipment such as TVs and air conditioners.

What is remote control PCB?

The remote control PCB refers to the printed circuit board used in the remote control. It is the core component inside the remote control, responsible for connecting various electronic components to realize various functions of the remote control.

The remote control PCB is usually composed of multiple layers of conductive metal (usually copper foil) and insulating materials. These metal layers are designed into a complex circuit network, and the combination of wiring and insulating materials enables electronic components to achieve electrical connection and functional integration.

The electronic components on the PCB include resistors, capacitors, transistors, integrated circuits (ICs), etc. They are connected together through the metal network on the PCB to form a complete circuit, thereby realizing various functions of the remote control.

The types of remote control PCB mainly include single-sided board, double-sided board and multi-layer board:

Single-sided board: the most basic PCB type, suitable for simple circuit design.

Double-sided board: wiring on both sides, suitable for more complex circuit design.

Multi-layer board: can be further divided into middle and bottom boards and high-layer boards, mainly used for high-end equipment.

Remote control PCB is widely used in various electronic devices. Through the design and layout of PCB, the reception, processing and output of remote control signals can be realized, so as to control the switch, volume adjustment, channel selection and other functions of related equipment.

How to design remote control PCB?

Designing remote control PCB requires comprehensive consideration of functional requirements, component selection, circuit design, layout and wiring, power management, signal integrity, electromagnetic compatibility and thermal design.

1. Functional requirements analysis

Determine the control function: clarify which devices and functions the remote control needs to control, such as switch, volume adjustment, channel switching, etc.

Signal transmission method: Select a suitable signal transmission method, select the corresponding components and design layout according to the signal type.

2. Component selection

Microcontroller (MCU): Select a suitable MCU, and select an MCU with sufficient processing power and input/output interface according to functional requirements.

Communication module: Select the corresponding communication module according to the signal type, such as infrared transmission module, radio frequency module or Bluetooth module.

Input component: Select a suitable button, touch screen or other input component for user operation and control.

Power management component: Select a suitable power management component, such as battery management chip, voltage regulator, etc., to ensure a stable power supply.

3. Circuit design

Draw a circuit schematic: Use circuit design software (such as Altium Designer, Eagle, etc.) to draw a circuit schematic and connect all components according to functional requirements.

Check the circuit: Carefully check the circuit schematic to ensure that all connections are correct, there are no short circuits or open circuits, etc., and perform circuit analysis and simulation to verify the feasibility of the circuit.

4. PCB layout and wiring

Layout: PCB layout should be carried out according to the schematic diagram, and the position of components should be arranged reasonably to minimize signal interference and noise. High-frequency components and sensitive components should be kept away from power lines and ground lines.

Wiring: When wiring PCB, try to use short and straight lines to avoid long lines and too many corners. Pay attention to the layout of signal lines and ground lines to ensure stable signal transmission.

Impedance matching: For high-frequency signal lines, impedance matching design should be carried out to reduce signal reflection and interference and improve the reliability of signal transmission.

5. Power supply design

Power supply circuit: Design a reasonable power supply circuit, including power input, filtering, voltage regulation and other parts to ensure stable power supply and avoid the influence of power supply noise on the circuit.

Power management: Design a power management strategy according to the power consumption requirements of the remote control to extend battery life.

6. Signal integrity and electromagnetic compatibility

Signal integrity: For high-speed and high-frequency signals, perform signal integrity analysis and design, optimize signal transmission paths, reduce signal distortion and reflection, and ensure signal integrity.

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC): Take measures to improve the electromagnetic compatibility of PCB, reduce electromagnetic interference and radiation, and meet relevant EMC standards.

7. Thermal design

Heat dissipation design: According to the power consumption and heat dissipation requirements of the components, perform heat dissipation design, reasonably arrange heat dissipation components, and ensure that the components are within the normal operating temperature range.

Thermal management: Use thermal management strategies to improve the heat dissipation performance of PCB.

8. Testing and verification

Functional test: Perform functional test on remote control PCB to ensure that all functions work properly, including signal transmission, input response, etc.

Performance test: Perform performance test to ensure that the performance of PCB meets the design requirements.

Reliability test: Perform reliability test, such as vibration test, temperature cycle test, etc., to ensure the reliability and stability of PCB in various environments.

What does the remote control PCB consist of?

The main components of remote control PCB include mainboard, remote control chip, battery interface, button, indicator light and shell. Among them, the motherboard is the core part of the entire circuit board, and the remote control chip is an important part of controlling the remote control.

Motherboard: The core part of the circuit board, carrying other electronic components.

Remote control chip: Process key signals, encoding signals and control other circuit components.

Battery interface: Provide power support for other components on the circuit board.

Key module: Receive user operation instructions and convert the instructions into electrical signals.

Indicator light: Display the status or function of the remote control.

Shell: Protect internal components and provide users with a grip.

How does a remote control PCB work?

The working principle of the remote control PCB mainly involves signal generation, transmission and reception.

1. User input

Button or touch screen operation: The user selects the function or command to be controlled by pressing a button or touching the screen. These input devices convert the user’s operation into electrical signals and send them to the microcontroller (MCU).

2. Signal processing

Microcontroller processing: After receiving the input signal, the microcontroller processes and encodes the signal according to the preset program logic.

Coding: Control signals are usually encoded into a specific format for easy transmission and identification. The encoded signal contains complete information required for device control.

3. Signal transmission

Infrared transmission: For infrared remote control, MCU sends the encoded signal to the infrared transmitting module, which converts the electrical signal into an infrared light signal and transmits it through the infrared transmitting diode.

RF transmission: For RF remote control, MCU sends the encoded signal to the RF module, which modulates the signal to a specific frequency and transmits it. RF signals have stronger penetration and longer transmission distance.

Bluetooth transmission: For Bluetooth remote control, MCU transmits the signal to the receiving device wirelessly through the Bluetooth module, which is responsible for signal modulation, encoding and transmission.

4. Signal reception

Receiving device: The receiving device (such as TV, air conditioner, etc.) is equipped with a corresponding receiving module to receive the signal sent by the remote control.

Decoding and execution: After receiving the signal, the receiving module decodes it, converts it into a control instruction, and then performs the corresponding operation according to the instruction.

Through the above steps, the remote control PCB realizes the complete process from user input to device control, enabling users to conveniently operate various devices remotely.

How to produce remote control PCB?

The production process of remote control PCB mainly includes the following steps:

Design stage: The design stage includes determining the function of the circuit, laying out components, drawing wire paths, etc.

Raw material preparation: According to the design requirements, purchase suitable substrate materials, such as FR-4, which has good insulation, mechanical strength and cost-effectiveness, and is suitable for most common electronic products.

Cutting and drilling: Cut the copper clad board into the required size, and use a high-precision drilling machine to drill precise through holes on the circuit board. These holes will be used for electrical connections between different layers.

Copper deposition: The hole wall of the PCB is bulked to enhance adhesion, and then a copper foil layer is deposited on the hole wall by electrochemical method to ensure the conductivity of the hole.

Line exposure: Use LDI technology to accurately project the circuit diagram onto the copper clad layer of the PCB, and form the prototype of the circuit diagram through exposure and development of the photosensitive dry film.

Electroplating: Further increase the thickness of the copper layer on the developed circuit and hole wall to ensure its conductivity and mechanical strength.

Outer layer etching: Etch the outer layer of the PCB to form the required circuits and pads.

Gold treatment: Perform gold treatment on the exposed key PAD position to protect the copper layer and prevent oxidation.

Shape treatment: Perform shape treatment on the PCB substrate and finally complete the production.

What should we pay attention to during the production of remote control PCB?

In the production process of remote control PCB, the following key aspects need to be paid attention to to ensure product quality and performance:

1. Design stage

Design review: Ensure that the circuit design is correct and meets the functional and manufacturing requirements.

Follow standards: Strictly follow industry standards and specifications, such as IPC standards, to ensure the manufacturability of the design.

2. Material selection

High-quality materials: Select substrate materials and copper foil that meet the specifications to ensure good insulation and conductivity.

Supplier management: Select suppliers with good reputation to ensure stable and reliable material quality.

3. Manufacturing process

Process control: Strictly control key process parameters such as exposure, etching, and lamination to ensure the stability and consistency of the production process.

Standard Standardized operation: formulate detailed operating procedures to ensure that operators operate according to unified standards and reduce human errors.

4. Quality inspection

Intermediate inspection: set up multiple inspection points during the production process to find and correct problems in time.

Finished product inspection: conduct comprehensive finished product inspection, including functional testing, electrical performance testing and appearance inspection, to ensure that the product meets quality standards.

Thermal management: rationally layout heat dissipation components and heat dissipation channels to ensure that the components are within the normal operating temperature range.

Electromagnetic compatibility: take measures to improve the electromagnetic compatibility of PCB and reduce electromagnetic interference and radiation.

Through the above measures, the production quality of remote control PCB can be effectively improved to ensure its reliability and performance in practical applications.

How to choose a suitable remote control PCB supplier?

Selecting a remote control PCB supplier can be considered from the following points:

1. Comprehensive strength

Production capacity: pay attention to the production line, equipment and workers to ensure that the production scale and delivery period can be met, and understand the ability to respond to emergency orders.

Technical level: check whether there are advanced process capabilities and R&D teams, and whether they can provide technical support.

Quality control: examine whether there are quality certifications and complete testing processes and equipment.

2. Service quality

Pre-sales service: see whether it can provide comprehensive technical consultation, respond to needs in a timely manner, and provide quotations and samples.

After-sales service: understand the after-sales guarantee policy and team situation.

3. Reputation

Customer evaluation: view other customer evaluations through various channels.

Industry status: understand its popularity and cooperation in the industry.

4. Price cost

Price comparison: compare multiple quotations, pay attention to price composition and long-term cooperation discounts.

Cost-effectiveness evaluation: comprehensively consider quality, service, etc. to evaluate cost-effectiveness.

As a professional PCB manufacturer, BEST Technology has strong design and technical support capabilities, and can provide customized remote control PCB design solutions according to customer needs, and ensure reasonable layout and stable signals.

At the same time, we have advanced production equipment and flexible production scale, which can efficiently produce various types of remote control PCBs to meet the needs from small batch proofing to large batch production; in terms of quality control, we follow a strict quality management system and use advanced testing equipment for comprehensive testing to ensure that the quality of each PCB is reliable and defect-free.

In addition, we focus on on-time delivery, provide high-quality customer service and technical support, and respond quickly to customer needs to ensure that customers are worry-free during use and enjoy a good service experience.

Tags: pcb design, remote control PCB
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PCB Multilayer Circuit Board: 17 multi layer boards

January 7th, 2025

The 17 multi layer boards is a highly integrated electronic component that alternately stacks 17 conductive layers and insulating layers and uses advanced interlayer connection technology (such as vias) to achieve electrical connection between the layers. Connections can significantly increase the wiring density and complexity of circuits. This design makes the 17 multi layer boards has broad application prospects in high-performance electronic equipment and can meet the strict requirements of these equipments for signal transmission speed, stability and functional diversity.

PCB Multilayer Circuit Board: 17 multi layer boards

What is a multi-layer circuit board?

The basic structure of a multilayer circuit board includes multiple conductive layers and insulating layers. The conductive layer usually uses copper foil or metallized holes, and the insulating layer is usually made of materials such as epoxy resin. Each layer is electrically connected through via holes, which are usually processed by drilling, laser drilling or chemical etching.

Advantages of multilayer circuit boards

High wiring density: Multi-layer circuit boards can achieve more complex wiring in a limited space to meet the needs of high-density electronic equipment.

Good electromagnetic shielding effect: The multi-layer design can effectively reduce electromagnetic interference and improve the stability and reliability of the system.

Low signal transmission delay: Multi-layer circuit boards reduce signal transmission delay and improve system performance by optimizing wiring and signal paths.

Suitable for complex systems: Multi-layer circuit boards are suitable for electronic devices that require a high degree of integration and complex functions, such as smartphones, tablets, etc.

How to make 17 multi layer boards?

The detailed steps for manufacturing a 17 multi layer boards are as follows:

Raw material preparation: Choose high-quality copper-clad laminates as raw materials. Commonly used copper-clad laminates include epoxy glass cloth substrates, etc.

Cutting: Use an automatic cutting machine to cut large-sized copper clad laminates into specific substrate sizes suitable for production needs.

Drilling: Use a CNC drilling machine to accurately drill holes at predetermined positions on the copper clad board.

Copper deposition: Copper ions in the electrolyte are deposited on the hole walls through electrochemical methods to form a uniform copper foil layer.

Dry film exposure and development: Use dry film for exposure and development, and use strong ultraviolet light to polymerize the dry film to form a preliminary cured circuit pattern.

Electroplating: In the electroplating production line, a layer of copper is plated on the exposed lines and hole walls through electrochemical reaction, and then a layer of tin is plated on the surface of the copper layer to protect the copper foil of the lines and hole walls from being eroded by the etching liquid.

Stripping and etching: Place the PCB in the stripping equipment, use stripping agent and cleaning methods to remove the remaining dry film, exposing the copper foil that is not protected by tin plating. Then use an etching solution to etch away the exposed copper foil, retaining the copper foil under the tin plating layer, and finally obtain the circuit pattern and metallized holes required for the design.

Inner layer process: Compared with single and double panels, the manufacturing of multi-layer boards has an additional inner layer process. Controlling the lamination process of the inner layers is critical to the electrical performance of controlled impedance transmission lines. The copper in the inner layer should be evenly distributed on the symmetrical layer to ensure balanced thermal stress during heating and avoid circuit board warping.

Laminated lamination: By combining different specifications of prepreg and copper-clad laminate (core board), all required thicknesses are achieved. The individual layers must be symmetrical and have the same layer thickness. After the lamination is completed, precise inter-layer adjustment and positioning are performed to ensure good adhesion between the inner layer and the prepreg.

Inspection: Circuit graphics are inspected using an automated optical inspection (AOI) system to ensure consistency of internal layers with CAD data and repair any connections or other defects found.

Through the above steps, a high-quality 17 multi layer boards can be manufactured.

When to use 17 multi layer boards?

1. High-frequency and high-speed signal processing scenarios

In communication base station equipment, such as the baseband processing unit (BBU) of a 5G base station. 5G signals have high frequency, large bandwidth, and extremely fast signal transmission speed. The 17 multi layer boards can efficiently route high-frequency, high-speed signals.

It can make the distance between the signal layer and the reference plane (ground layer) closer by reasonably arranging the positions of the signal layer, ground layer, and power layer, thereby reducing the loop inductance of the signal and reducing signal reflection and attenuation.

And some inner shielding layers can be used to isolate signals in different frequency bands or sensitive signals from interference sources to ensure the integrity and accuracy of signal transmission.

For the communication line between the graphics processing unit (GPU) and the central processing unit (CPU) in high-speed computer systems. When performing large-scale graphics rendering or complex data operations, the data transfer rate is extremely high.

The 17 multi layer boards can provide enough wiring space to route high-speed differential signal pairs (such as PCI-Express interface signals) on different inner layers. At the same time, a complete ground plane is set up around it as a shield to reduce electromagnetic interference and ensure high speed. signal quality.

2. Complex circuit function integration

In the electronic control part of advanced medical equipment such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment. MRI equipment contains complex radio frequency transmitting and receiving circuits, gradient magnetic field control circuits, image acquisition and processing circuits and other functional circuits. The 17 multi layer boards can distribute these circuits with different functions on different layers and connect them through vias.

In the controller of industrial robots, it needs to integrate multiple functions such as motion control, sensor signal processing, communication interfaces, and power management. The 17 multi layer boards allows the circuits of these functional modules to be reasonably distributed on each layer, making the layout of the circuit board more compact.

3. Special power and grounding requirements

In high-precision test and measurement instruments, such as spectrum analyzers. This type of instrument has extremely high requirements on the purity and stability of the power supply. The 17 multi layer boards can be equipped with multiple independent power layers, and decoupling capacitors are reasonably arranged between the power layer and the ground layer to form a low-pass filter network to effectively filter out power supply noise.

At the same time, through reasonable ground layer design, low-impedance ground paths are provided for different circuit modules to reduce the impact of ground bounce noise on measurement accuracy.

Active power filters (APF) in power electronic equipment. APF needs to process a large number of power signals and plays a key role in improving power quality. The 17 multi layer boards can provide suitable power and ground planes for different power conversion circuits and control circuits.

What are the disadvantages of 17 multi layer boards?

The disadvantages of 17 multi layer boards mainly include the following aspects:

1. High cost: Due to the large number of layers and the complex manufacturing process, which requires more materials and finer processes, the cost is relatively high.

2. Design is difficult: Designing a 17-layer PCB requires more factors to be considered, such as inter-layer connections, signal integrity and electromagnetic compatibility, etc. This requires higher professional skills from the designer and the design cycle may also be longer.

3. Long production cycle: The production of multi-layer PCB involves multiple processes, such as lamination, drilling, copper plating, etc. These processes take time to complete, so the production cycle is relatively long.

4. Difficulty in maintenance: Due to the complex internal structure, once a fault occurs, it is relatively difficult to locate and repair the problem, and sometimes even requires complete replacement.

5. High requirements for design and manufacturing processes: more advanced equipment and technology are needed to ensure the quality and performance of multi-layer boards.

These shortcomings make 17 multi layer boards a reasonable trade-off between performance and cost in some applications.

How many layers can a circuit board have?

The number of layers in a circuit board can vary from single layer to multiple layers. Common layers include single layer, double layer, four layer, six layer, eight layer, ten layer, etc. High-end PCB boards can even reach 32 layers or more.

Application scenarios for different layers

Single-layer board: Suitable for simple circuit design, usually used in low-complexity electronic devices.

Double-layer boards: Suitable for medium-complexity designs that can accommodate more components and connections.

Four-layer board: Commonly used in designs that require better signal isolation and noise suppression, such as high-frequency circuits.

The manufacturing process of multilayer boards is very complex and requires more precise design and high-end processing technology. The more layers there are, the higher the manufacturing difficulty and cost. Therefore, when designing a circuit board, it is necessary to consider the circuit direction, number of layers, and materials to ensure the performance and reliability of the circuit board.

How many layers of circuit boards can we make?

With the continuous advancement of electronic technology, we are able to produce PCBs with more layers. Currently, FR4 PCBs with 20 to 32 layers can be realized. This high-level PCB structure provides engineers with greater design flexibility, allowing them to lay out various traces on different layers to meet different functional requirements.

Layers can be dedicated for power distribution, signal transmission, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and assembly of components. In order to effectively manage the number of layers, buried holes and blind holes are often designed in multi-layer PCBs to optimize circuit layout and signal transmission paths.

For PCBs with more than 8 layers, high Tg FR4 materials are usually more popular than ordinary Tg FR4 because high Tg materials can maintain stable electrical performance and mechanical strength at higher temperatures, which is especially important for high-performance electronic devices. However, the increase in the number of layers also makes the PCB manufacturing process more complex and difficult, leading to higher costs.

In summary, we found that the 17 multi layer boards has significant advantages in signal integrity and space utilization, and can meet the needs of high-density electronic equipment, but its complex manufacturing process also brings higher costs and Production difficulty.

As a professional PCB manufacturer, BEST Technology has advanced production equipment and rich production experience, able to efficiently produce high-quality multi-layer PCB boards to meet customer needs for high-performance electronic equipment. Please feel free to contact us at sales@bestpcbs.com, we will provide a full range of services from design to production to ensure that every PCB board meets your strict standards.

Tags: 17 multi layer boards, Multilayer PCB
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What Do You Know About FFC Cables, Flexible Flat Cables?

January 7th, 2025

FFC cables refer to flexible flat cables, which are typically flat and can bend in multiple directions, making them ideal for compact, portable devices such as smartphones, laptops, and other electronics.

The unique design of FFC cables allows them to save space while ensuring a stable electrical signal transmission. These cables are often used when traditional, bulkier cables wouldn’t fit or could compromise the device’s design or functionality.

What Are FFC Cables?

FFC cables, or Flexible Flat Cables, are a type of electrical cable designed to transmit power and signals in a compact and flexible manner. These cables are made up of flat, thin conductors that are arranged in a specific pattern. What makes them stand out is their flexibility, allowing them to be bent, twisted, and routed through tight spaces without compromising their functionality. FFC cables are typically used in applications where space is limited but high performance is essential.

Their compact size and flexibility make FFC cables ideal for devices like mobile phones, laptops, cameras, and printers, where flexibility and space optimization are key. The design of FFC cables ensures they can be easily routed around corners or into confined spaces, making them invaluable in modern electronics.

What Are the Different Types of Flat Flex Cables?

Flat Flex Cables (FFC) are generally classified into two main types based on the alignment of their conductive contact points:

1. Type A (Same-Side Contact): The conductive contacts on both ends of the cable are on the same side. Commonly used when the connectors or devices at both ends have contacts facing the same direction. Ideal for straightforward and simple wiring setups.

2. Type B (Reverse-Side Contact): The conductive contacts on the two ends of the cable are on opposite sides. Typically used when connectors or devices at both ends require contacts on opposing sides.

What Does the Pitch of FFC Cables Refer to?

The pitch of FFC cables refers to the distance between the centers of two adjacent conductive strips (or contacts) on the cable. It is measured in millimeters (mm) and is a critical specification for ensuring compatibility with connectors or devices.

The pitch indicates how closely the conductive strips are spaced. Common pitch sizes for FFC cables include 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.25mm, and 2.54mm, among others.

The pitch must match the spacing of the pins in the connector. Mismatched pitches can lead to poor connections or damage to the cable or device.

Smaller pitches (e.g., 0.5mm) are often used in compact electronic devices like smartphones and laptops. Larger pitches (e.g., 2.54mm) are preferred for applications requiring higher current or mechanical durability.

What Is the Size of Flexible Flat Cable?

The size of a flexible flat cable (FFC) can vary widely, depending on its application and design. In terms of width, FFC cables are typically available in sizes ranging from 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm. However, the size can be customized to meet the specific requirements of the application. The thickness of these cables is usually quite thin, with typical FFC cables measuring only a few millimeters thick. This compact size allows them to fit into tight spaces and be routed easily in small devices.

As for the number of conductors, FFC cables can come with anywhere from a few to several dozen conductors, depending on the complexity of the signal or power they need to carry. This makes them highly adaptable to a wide variety of uses, from simple connections to complex multi-wire systems.

What Is the Maximum Length of FFC Cables?

The maximum length of FFC cables depends on several factors, including the type of cable and the power or signal it carries. Generally, FFC cables are available in lengths ranging from a few millimeters up to several meters. However, the longer the cable, the more important it becomes to consider factors like signal integrity, resistance, and the quality of the materials used.

In most cases, FFC cables are designed for short to medium distances, typically within the range of 50 cm to 2 meters. However, for specialized applications, custom lengths can be manufactured. It’s important to note that longer cables may require additional shielding or signal conditioning to maintain signal quality over the distance.

What Is the Difference Between FFC and FPC Cables?

While both FFC and FPC cables share similar characteristics, there are key differences that set them apart:

Design: FFC cables are made up of flat conductors that are spaced apart, whereas FPC cables have conductors printed directly onto a flexible substrate. This means that FPC cables can offer more complex circuit designs.

Application: FFC cables are generally used for more straightforward applications that require flexibility and simplicity, such as in consumer electronics. On the other hand, FPC cables are often used in highly specialized applications, including medical devices and aerospace, due to their ability to support more complex layouts.

Flexibility: While both types are flexible, FPC cables are often more flexible than FFC cables due to their thinner and more precise construction. This gives FPC Cables an advantage in applications that require frequent bending or folding. Best Technology offers a wide range of FPC products with high quality, tailored to meet the specific needs of each customer. Reach out to us at sales@bestfpc.com for more details.

Cost: FFC cables are usually less expensive to produce, while FPC cables, with their intricate designs and specialized applications, can be costlier.

Choosing between FFC and FPC cables depends largely on the complexity and requirements of the application. Both offer distinct advantages depending on your needs.

How to Choose FFC Cables?

Choosing the right FFC cables requires understanding the specific needs of your project. Here are some key factors to consider when selecting FFC cables:

Width and Pitch: Determine the width and pitch of the cable to ensure it fits in the space and connectors you are working with. Common pitch sizes are 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 1.25 mm.

Conductor Count: Consider how many conductors you need for your application. More conductors are necessary for complex circuits or multiple connections.

Shielding: If your application is sensitive to electromagnetic interference (EMI), choose a shielded FFC cable to protect your signal integrity.

Length: Consider how far the signal needs to travel. Shorter cables are usually more efficient, but longer cables can be customized as needed.

Environment: If the cable will be exposed to extreme temperatures or harsh conditions, make sure to select a cable with the appropriate protective coatings or materials.

By evaluating these factors, you can ensure you choose the right FFC cables for your application.

What Are FFC Cables Used For?

FFC cables are used in a wide variety of applications where space is limited and flexibility is required. Some of the most common uses include:

Consumer Electronics: In devices like smartphones, laptops, tablets, and cameras, FFC cables connect internal components while maintaining a small profile.

Automotive Applications: FFC cables are used to connect sensors, controls, and displays in vehicles, providing both flexibility and reliability.

Medical Devices: These cables are often used in diagnostic equipment, portable devices, and other medical technologies where compact and flexible wiring is essential.

Industrial Equipment: FFC cables play a key role in controlling robotics, automation, and other industrial equipment that requires flexible connections.

Consumer Appliances: They are also used in household appliances like printers, washing machines, and microwaves for internal wiring connections.

The versatility of FFC cables makes them an ideal solution for numerous industries that require reliable, flexible, and space-saving connectivity.

What Are the Benefits of Flexible Flat Cable?

Flexible flat cables provide a number of key advantages that make them ideal for modern applications:

Space Efficiency: Due to their flat and thin design, FFC cables are perfect for applications where space is limited. They can be routed through tight spaces, making them ideal for compact devices.

Flexibility: These cables can be bent and twisted, allowing them to be routed around corners or other obstacles without damaging the conductors. This flexibility is particularly useful in dynamic environments where cables need to move.

Ease of Use: FFC cables are easy to install and require minimal space for connections. Their flat design allows for quick connections in a variety of environments.

Signal Integrity: Shielded FFC cables can provide excellent protection against electromagnetic interference, ensuring that your signals remain clear and strong.

Customization: FFC cables can be tailored to meet the specific needs of your application, with various pitches, lengths, and conductor counts available.

Overall, the benefits of flexible flat cables make them an excellent choice for many modern electronic and industrial applications, offering a balance of performance, flexibility, and compact design.

By focusing on the advantages and versatility of FFC cables, this blog provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of their types, uses, and benefits while maintaining a clear, approachable, and professional tone.

Tags: FFC Cable, fpc, FPC Cable
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PCB Multilayer Circuit Board: pcb panel v-cut vs stamp hole

January 7th, 2025

V-CUT cuts a V-shaped groove on the PCB board, so that the board can be easily separated in subsequent processing, while the stamp hole sets a small hole on the edge of the board, making the board more neat and stable when separated, which can provide higher space utilization and better signal transmission performance. The combination of these two technologies not only improves production efficiency, but also ensures product quality and reliability.

PCB Multilayer Circuit Board: pcb panel v-cut vs stamp hole

What is PCB V-CUT?

PCB V-CUT is a technology that cuts a V-shaped groove on a printed circuit board, which is mainly used to facilitate subsequent board separation operations. V-CUT is to cut a series of V-shaped cuts on the PCB board and then break the board after applying appropriate force, thereby dividing the multilayer PCB into separate panels.

The role and importance of V-CUT

Improve manufacturing efficiency: In mass production, V-CUT can quickly divide large boards into multiple small panels to meet the needs of mass production.

Reduce material waste: Through V-CUT cutting, raw materials can be maximized, waste generation can be reduced, and production costs can be reduced.

Convenient assembly: V-CUT allows the separated small panels to be easily assembled and welded, improving production efficiency.

V-Cut is widely used in the batch manufacturing of multi-layer PCBs, especially when a large board needs to be divided into multiple small panels.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of V-Cut?

Advantages of V-Cut:

Easy to operate: The V-Cut design can facilitate the separation of SMT circuit boards after assembly, avoiding PCB bending and damage to electronic components that may be caused by manual separation.

Improve production efficiency: When assembling the edges of two boards, the efficiency of SMT patch lines and wave soldering can be significantly improved.

Wide range of applications: V-Cut is suitable for regular PCB boards, especially in batch production, the use of V-Cut can significantly improve production efficiency.

Disadvantages of V-Cut:

Can only cut straight lines: V-Cut can only cut straight lines, and it can only cut straight lines from one end to the end, and cannot be changed in the middle. If there is a 90-degree or other angle bend in the middle, it is not allowed.

High requirements for tools: The material and manufacturing process of V-Cut knives have a great influence on the cutting effect. For example, high-speed tool steel V-Cut knives are not wear-resistant and need to be frequently changed and sharpened, which affects production efficiency; alloy-inlaid V-Cut knives increase the brittleness of the blade due to welding, and the quality is difficult to guarantee, and the tooth breakage rate is high.

Restrictions on PCB thickness: PCB boards that are too thin or too thick are not suitable for V-Cut, because too thin boards are easy to break and too thick boards are difficult to cut.

What is a stamp hole?

A stamp hole refers to a hole on the motherboard panel that is used to connect small PCBs that make up the array together and to easily remove components from the PCB. Stamp holes are perforated, and when pushed down, the holes break, allowing components to be removed without damaging the PCB itself.

The specific functions of stamp holes include:

Connecting small PCB boards: When there are multiple small PCBs that need to be connected and connectors cannot be used, they can be connected through stamp holes. Perforations allow current to flow through the PCB and connect with other nearby PCBs.

Transmit power and data: Stamp holes can transmit power and data between two different PCBs or devices to achieve communication between devices.

Design requirements for stamp holes include:

Number of holes: Usually stamp holes are in groups of 5 to connect components together, but the specific number may vary depending on the PCB design.

Size: The size of stamp holes is usually 0.020 inches or 0.5 mm in diameter, and the specific size will vary depending on the PCB design.

Hole spacing: The spacing of stamp holes is usually 0.030 inches or 0.76 mm to prevent components from being too close and causing short circuits.

In addition, design tips for stamp holes include:

Sufficient pull tabs: In order to maintain the integrity of the PCB, the pull tabs should be strong enough to support the weight of the components above.

Stay away from sensitive components: Stamp holes should be away from sensitive components to avoid electrical short circuits caused by damage to the pull tabs.

Spacing: The spacing between two stamp holes should be between 60mm-90mm to facilitate the installation of components.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of stamp holes?

The advantages of stamp holes include:

Improved production efficiency: Stamp holes can connect multiple small-sized PCBs together for production and processing, thereby simplifying the production process and reducing costs.

Convenient assembly and disassembly: In situations where detachable connections are required, such as modular designs, stamp hole connections can achieve convenient assembly and disassembly, facilitating product repair and upgrades.

Reduced space occupation: The stamp hole design can greatly reduce the required space, especially suitable for compact designs.

Improved signal transmission performance: Stamp holes shorten the signal path, reduce signal delay and cross interference, and are suitable for complex multi-layer board designs.

Disadvantages of stamp holes include:

Possible cost increase: The design of stamp holes will increase certain costs because holes need to be reserved on the PCB, and the size of these holes will also be included in the overall size of the PCB.

The broken surface is not easy to control: Stamp holes are separated by breaking, and the broken surface is not easy to control accurately, which may cause line damage or even scrap.

What is the difference between V-Cut and stamp hole?

The main difference between V-Cut and stamp hole lies in their definition, purpose and applicable scenarios.

V-Cut: V-Cut is to pre-cut a V-shaped dividing line at a specific position of the PCB, which is usually used to facilitate the de-paneling (De-paneling) of the SMT circuit board after assembly. The dividing line of V-Cut is generally a straight line, without complex curves or arcs, and is suitable for panel connection of conventional PCB boards.

Stamp hole: Stamp hole is to connect the process edge and the PCB board by punching a series of circular holes shaped like stamps on the PCB board. It is mainly used for irregular shaped PCB boards, such as circles. Since V-Cut cannot achieve this connection, stamp holes are more used in special-shaped boards.

How to choose a suitable PCB de-paneling method?

Choosing a suitable PCB de-paneling method requires considering multiple factors, including the shape of the PCB, the scale of production, the cost budget, and the requirements for product quality.

1. V-CUT (V-shaped cutting):

Advantages: low cost, simple operation, fast speed, suitable for regular shaped PCBs arranged in a straight line.

Disadvantages: only straight line de-paneling can be performed, which is not suitable for complex or irregular shaped PCBs.

Applicable scenarios: suitable for small and medium batch production, and the PCB shape is relatively regular.

2. Stamp hole:

Advantages: Suitable for irregular shaped PCBs, such as round or special-shaped boards, and can provide better space utilization.

Disadvantages: Compared with V-CUT, the cost is slightly higher, and some burrs may be generated during the separation process.

Applicable scenarios: Suitable for PCBs with complex or irregular shapes, and production that requires high space utilization.

3. Milling cutter type board separation:

Advantages: It can be divided into boards of any shape, with smooth cutting edges and low stress, and is suitable for PCBs of various shapes.

Disadvantages: The initial cost is high, and the equipment and operation are relatively complex.

Applicable scenarios: Suitable for complex-shaped PCBs with high cutting accuracy requirements.

4. Laser board separation:

Advantages: High precision, suitable for PCBs with complex shapes and high precision requirements.

Disadvantages: High cost and slow speed.

Applicable scenarios: Suitable for small-batch production with high precision requirements.

When choosing a board separation method, factors such as the specific needs of the product, production costs, production efficiency, and requirements for product quality should be comprehensively considered to ensure that the most appropriate board separation method is selected.

In summary, both have their own advantages and disadvantages. V-CUT is particularly suitable for regular-shaped PCB boards with its low cost and high efficiency, while stamp holes show unique advantages when dealing with irregular-shaped boards or boards that require higher space utilization. We need to choose the most suitable PCB depaneling solution according to the actual situation.

BEST Techbology has rich experience and advanced equipment, and can flexibly apply a variety of depaneling technologies such as V-CUT and stamp holes to meet the needs of different customers. Whether your PCB design is regular or complex, please feel free to contact us at sales@bestpcbs.com to get the best solution.

Tags: pcb panel v-cut vs stamp hole, PCB stamp hole, V-CUT
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Let you know about PCBs of different colors: Black PCB vs green PCB

January 6th, 2025

The color of PCB not only affects its appearance, but is also closely related to material properties and application scenarios. Black PCB uses a special black solder mask layer, which gives it a unique appearance and is also suitable for high-power and high-performance electronic devices. Green PCB is widely used in consumer electronics and industrial control equipment due to its high contrast and good recognition, which is convenient for identification during production and inspection.

Let you know about PCBs of different colors: Black PCB vs green PCB

What is Black FR4 PCB?

The black FR4 PCB is a printed circuit board with FR4 material as the substrate and black solder mask ink coated on the surface. The following is a detailed introduction about it:

1. FR4 material properties:

Composition and structure: FR4 is a plate-shaped laminated product made of special electronic cloth impregnated with epoxy phenolic resin and other materials, and hot-pressed at high temperature and high pressure. It uses glass fiber cloth as a reinforcing material and epoxy resin as an adhesive to form a composite material.

Performance characteristics: It has high mechanical properties and can withstand certain external impact and pressure, ensuring that the circuit board is not easily damaged during use and assembly; it has good dielectric properties and is an excellent electrical insulator, which can effectively isolate different parts of the circuit, prevent short circuits and leakage, and ensure the stability of signal transmission.

2. The role of black solder mask:

Insulation protection: Like other colors of solder mask, black solder mask can cover the non-conductive area of the circuit board to prevent short circuits between different lines, protect the circuit from external factors, improve the electrical insulation performance of the circuit board, and extend its service life.

Appearance and logo: Black gives the circuit board a high-end, mysterious and professional visual experience, making the product more attractive in appearance. It is often used in some electronic products that have special requirements for appearance or pursue a unique brand image.

Soldering and anti-corrosion: During the welding process, the solder mask can open windows at the designated welding position so that the solder flows only where it is needed, improve the welding quality, and reduce the occurrence of welding defects such as cold soldering and short circuits. At the same time, it can also protect the copper foil circuit from moisture, oxygen and other corrosive substances in the environment, prevent copper foil oxidation and corrosion, thereby ensuring the conductivity and reliability of the circuit board.

3. Application areas:

High-end consumer electronic products: such as high-end smartphones, tablets, laptops, etc., black FR4 PCB can enhance the overall texture and grade of the product, matching the stylish appearance design of the product.

Automation equipment: With its good mechanical and electrical properties, black FR4 PCB can adapt to factors such as vibration, shock, and temperature changes in industrial environments, and is widely used in industrial controllers, automated production line equipment, robots and other equipment.

Communication equipment: Black FR4 PCB can meet the requirements of communication equipment for electrical performance and heat dissipation performance, and its appearance can also be consistent with the professional image of communication equipment.

Medical equipment: Black FR4 PCB has good insulation and mechanical properties, which can ensure the stable operation of medical equipment during long-term use. It is often used in medical monitoring equipment, diagnostic equipment, treatment equipment and other fields.

What is Green PCB?

Green PCB refers to a printed circuit board with a layer of green solder mask ink coated on its surface. The main function of this layer of green ink is to prevent the physical disconnection of the conductor circuit, prevent short circuits caused by bridging during welding, and ensure that welding is only performed on the parts that must be welded to avoid solder waste.

Advantages of green PCB

Visual effect and recognition: Green has better visual effect than other colors in the yellow light room, making the logo and tracking lines on the circuit board more clearly visible. In addition, in the surface mount technology (SMT) welding process, the green background helps optical positioning calibration and improves production efficiency and quality.

Environmental protection and cost: Green ink is relatively environmentally friendly, and due to the large amount of green ink in the market, the cost is relatively low. For a long time, the widespread use of green ink in PCB manufacturing has also made its procurement cost low.

Convenience of observation and maintenance for workers: Under strong light, green is less irritating to the eyes, allowing workers to maintain clear vision for longer and reduce eye fatigue. In addition, the green background makes the wiring clearer and reduces the difficulty of maintenance.

Black PCB vs green PCB: Which one is better?

Black PCB board and green PCB each have their own advantages and disadvantages, and choosing which one is better depends on the specific application requirements.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Black PCB

Advantages:

High-end and technological sense: Black PCB usually gives people a high-end and technological impression, suitable for high-end electronic products such as high-frequency circuits and high-speed signal transmission circuits, and can provide better signal isolation and electromagnetic interference (EMI) control.

High light shielding: Black PCB has high light shielding, and the appearance looks more high-end and atmospheric, suitable for application scenarios that require high aesthetics.

Disadvantages:

Complex production process: The production process of black PCB is relatively complex, and it is easy to cause process problems due to insufficient light, such as unclear circuit graphics development, decreased alignment accuracy, etc., which increases the scrap rate and leads to higher costs.

Heat absorption: Black PCB absorbs more heat, which may increase the risk of overheating of sensitive components.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Green PCB

Advantages:

Widely used and mature process: Green PCB is the most common color, the production process is relatively mature and stable, the curing time is short and the performance is stable, and there are rarely problems such as solder mask bridge shedding.

High visibility and contrast: Green PCB contrasts sharply with white text, enhances readability, and is suitable for application scenarios that require high visibility.

Environmental protection: The ink used in green PCB is relatively environmentally friendly and does not contain conductive components, which reduces the risk of short circuits and the risk of toxic gas release.

Disadvantages:

Traditional appearance: Green PCB gives people a traditional and reliable feeling, which may not be suitable for all high-end or modern design needs.

Application scenario comparison

Black PCB: Suitable for high-frequency circuits, high-speed signal transmission circuits, high-end computers and other semiconductor applications because of its good signal isolation and EMI control capabilities.

Green PCB: Green PCB is widely used in consumer electronics and industrial control equipment due to its good visibility and recognition.

What is White PCB?

White PCB is a circuit board with a white solder mask on the surface, which is usually used in high-end electronic devices and precision instruments.

1. Definition and characteristics

Color: The color of white PCB is limited to white, which makes it more convenient to check the existing circuit.

Price: Compared with conventional green PCB, the production cost of white PCB is higher because more processes and special materials are required.

Manufacturing difficulty: The manufacturing of white PCB is more complicated than other types of PCB.

2. Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:

Beautiful and elegant: The white appearance is more concise and fashionable, suitable for high-end products such as high-end headphones, watches, etc.

Easy to identify: During assembly and repair, white PCBs are easier to identify solder joints and components, especially in darker environments.

Good thermal conductivity: White PCBs have good thermal conductivity, which helps to dissipate heat and improve product stability and life.

Disadvantages:

High production cost: More processes and materials are required during the manufacturing process, resulting in increased costs.

Difficult welding test: The surface color is brighter and the light reflectivity is strong, making the welding test process more difficult.

Not suitable for high-frequency circuits: Due to the high dielectric constant of white PCBs, they are not suitable for high-frequency circuit design.

What is Yellow PCB?

Yellow PCB refers to a printed circuit board (PCB) with a yellow solder mask (covering layer) coated on the surface. Yellow PCB is not common in PCB manufacturing, mainly because it has a poor contrast with the traces and screen printing, which easily hides the traces and affects readability and visibility.

Characteristics and uses of yellow PCB

Poor contrast: Yellow PCB has poor contrast with traces and screen printing, which makes it less visually clear than PCBs of other colors.

Antistatic layer: Yellow solder resist is often used for antistatic layer, which can effectively prevent static electricity from interfering with the circuit and improve the reliability and stability of the circuit board. In addition, yellow solder resist can maintain its original color after metallization and is often used in radio equipment.

How should the PCB color be selected?

Selecting the right PCB color requires consideration of multiple factors, including the effect of color on readability and aesthetics, the feasibility of the production process, and the needs of the application scenario.

PCBs of different colors and their advantages and disadvantages

Green PCB: Green is the most common PCB color and is widely used for its good contrast and readability. The surface treatment of green PCB reflects less light, which helps reduce glare and is suitable for most application scenarios.

Red PCB: Red PCB has high visibility and is suitable for high-end electronic devices and parts that need to be highlighted. The red solder resist is easy to control during production, with fewer problems of bubbles and thickness, and is suitable for use in high temperature and harsh environments.

Blue PCB: Blue PCB provides good appearance and recognition and is suitable for electronic products that require a high-tech feel. However, the blue solder mask has high fluidity and is prone to oil accumulation, so special attention should be paid during production.

Black PCB: Black PCB has high light shielding and aesthetics, but it absorbs heat and increases the risk of component overheating. Black PCB should not be used in high-temperature applications.

White PCB: White PCB is easy to identify in low-light environments and is suitable for applications that require high reflectivity, such as lamps and optical equipment.

Yellow PCB: Yellow PCB was once widely used, but has poor contrast with routing and screen printing and is now less used.

Recommendations for choosing PCB colors

Choose according to application scenarios: If high contrast and readability are required, green or blue PCBs are better choices; if high visibility and high temperature environments are required, red PCBs are more suitable.

Consider the production process: Different colors of solder mask have different requirements for the production process, and production efficiency and cost-effectiveness should be considered when choosing.

Aesthetics and design style: Choose the right color according to the overall design style of the product, such as red for activeness and enthusiasm, and blue for calmness and technology.

PCBs of different colors each have their own unique advantages and application scenarios. Green PCB is widely used in consumer electronics and industrial control equipment due to its good visibility and recognition. Black PCB is often used in high-performance electronic devices due to its high-end appearance and excellent heat dissipation performance.

As a professional PCB manufacturer, BEST Technology can provide PCBs in a variety of colors to meet the needs of different customers. Whether it is the pursuit of aesthetics or specific functions, we can provide you with high-quality solutions. Please feel free to contact us at sales@bestpcbs.com to get the best PCB color solution.

Tags: Black FR4 PCB, White PCB, Yellow PCB
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What is the best color for PCB? PCB solder mask colors

January 3rd, 2025

What is the best color for PCB? Generally speaking, green is the best choice for PCB. On the one hand, green solder mask ink is cheap, in sufficient supply, mature in production process, with low scrap rate and obvious cost advantage; on the other hand, it has a sharp contrast with white silk-screen text, which is convenient for seeing circuits and components during assembly and maintenance, and is also environmentally friendly.

What is the standard color of PCB?

In the PCB industry, green is generally regarded as the standard color. This is mainly because:

The process is mature and the cost is low: The green solder mask process is the most mature and simple, and the use of green solder mask ink is cost-effective. Most manufacturers use the same green ink, which can reduce the cost of line change and is more economical in large-scale production.

What is the best color for PCB? PCB solder mask colors

Good visibility and recognition: The green and white printed text form a sharp contrast, which is convenient for assemblers to scan the circuit board, less stress on the eyes, and good visual contrast when checking welding quality and circuit layout. The visual effect is good in the yellow light room, and the instrument recognition effect for optical positioning and calibration is also better.

Relatively safe and environmentally friendly: Compared with other colors such as blue and black, green solder resist does not contain elements such as cobalt and carbon, has a low risk of short circuit when powered on, and generally does not release toxic gases in high temperature environments.

Which PCB color is best?

The choice of PCB color depends on the specific application requirements and environmental conditions. PCBs of different colors have their own characteristics and applicable scenarios:

Green PCB: It is the most common color. It is low-cost and has obvious advantages in large-scale production; it is easy to develop and it is easier to remove unnecessary parts during the production process; it has good visual effects and is eye-friendly, which helps the visual contrast of high-brightness metal pads and logos, and is conducive to optical positioning calibration; it also has a certain degree of confidentiality and is relatively safe and environmentally friendly.

Black PCB: It gives people a high-end and mysterious feeling and is often used in high-end audio equipment, gaming hardware, etc. The contrast of the words marking the welding parts is high, and the colored connectors are more conspicuous against a black background, and the visual effect is good when placed in the chassis. However, the production process of black PCB has high process requirements, which is easy to cause color difference, resulting in an increase in defective rate, and the circuit routing is difficult to identify, which will increase the difficulty of maintenance and debugging in the R&D and after-sales stages.

Blue PCB: It can provide novel and high-end visual effects, suitable for electronic products that pursue product appearance differentiation, with good screen printing contrast, relatively simple production process and moderate cost.

Red PCB: It has excellent visibility, can clearly define the contrast of traces, planes and blank areas, and has beautiful screen printing effects. It usually uses high-temperature resistant red photosensitive dyes, has good thermal stability and weather resistance, and is often used in specific applications such as high-end communication equipment and military electronics, but the production process is complex and the cost is high.

White PCB: The appearance is clean and beautiful, suitable for products with high decorativeness, such as high-end headphones, watches, etc. However, it is easy to hide the routing, the production cost is relatively high, and the welding test is relatively difficult.

Does PCB color matter?

PCB color is important to a certain extent.

From the perspective of manufacturing, color is related to production process. The production process of green PCB is the most mature and the cost is relatively low. Because green solder mask ink is more commonly used, manufacturers can use equipment and materials more efficiently and reduce production costs during large-scale production.

Black PCBs have higher process requirements during the manufacturing process. For example, in the exposure and development stages, black solder mask may require more precise parameter control due to its strong light shielding, otherwise it is easy to have quality problems, such as short circuit hazards or appearance defects.

Color also has an impact on the product assembly and maintenance stage. For assembly workers, the high contrast between green PCB and white silk-screen text makes it easier for them to identify component locations and view line directions, which helps improve assembly efficiency and reduce the probability of errors. Black PCBs have disadvantages in this regard. Its lines are not easy to see clearly, which is more troublesome during debugging and maintenance.

From the perspective of product performance, color may have a certain impact on heat dissipation and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). In theory, black PCBs may have better performance in thermal radiation due to their darker color, which can help some high-power devices dissipate heat better.

In terms of electromagnetic shielding, if special additives are used to change the color of PCBs of different colors, these materials may affect the electromagnetic shielding performance. However, this situation is more complicated and related to the specific material formula.

In terms of product appearance design, color is very important. For consumer electronic products, such as mobile phones and computers, the color of the PCB can match the overall style and brand image of the product. For example, some high-end electronic products use black PCBs to create a cool and professional feeling, while some products with a fresh style may use white or light blue PCBs.

Are black PCBs more expensive?

Usually, black PCBs are more expensive for the following reasons:

Material cost: Black solder mask materials may require more expensive pigments or additives, and character inks may also be more expensive due to color and quality factors.

Production process: Black pigments absorb light strongly. In the exposure and development processes, it is easy to have process problems such as unclear circuit graphics due to insufficient light and reduced alignment accuracy between the solder mask and the circuit, which increases the scrap rate and leads to an increase in overall costs.

Market demand and supply: Black PCB is generally used in high-end electronic products, and the market demand is relatively small. Suppliers cannot form economies of scale during production, which leads to an increase in unit price.

Why is green PCB cheaper?

Green PCB is cheaper for the following reasons:

1. Low material cost:

Cheap raw materials: The raw materials of green solder mask ink are in sufficient supply in the market and are relatively cheap. For example, compared with the expensive pigments or additives used in some special color inks, the cost of green ink ingredients is lower.

Adequate stock: Due to the widespread use of green PCBs, ink suppliers usually reserve a large amount of green ink, which further reduces procurement costs and reduces the risk of price fluctuations caused by shortages.

2. Mature production technology:

Easy to process: The processing and printing of green solder mask ink is relatively easy, and no complex color adjustment and special treatment are required during the production process, which can improve production efficiency and reduce labor and time costs.

Low scrap rate: The process of producing green PCB is very mature. In the exposure, development and other processes, the probability of quality problems of green PCB is low, and the scrap rate is low, which reduces the overall production cost.

3. Favorable market supply and demand relationship:

Massive production: Green is the most common color of PCB, and the market demand is large, so manufacturers can carry out large-scale production. Through large-scale production, enterprises can make full use of production equipment and reduce the production cost of unit products.

Strong versatility: Most electronic products have no special requirements for PCB color. Green PCB can meet the needs of most application scenarios. There is no need to adjust the production line or increase additional costs to meet the special color requirements of individual customers.

What color is FR4?

FR4 is a substrate material for PCB. It does not have a fixed color. Its main components are glass fiber cloth and epoxy resin. Its color is usually determined by the solder mask on the surface.

The most common color of FR4 circuit boards is green, because green solder mask is widely used in PCB manufacturing. But in fact, FR4 substrate can present a variety of colors after different surface treatments, such as black, blue, red, white, etc.

How to choose the color of PCB?

There are several main factors to consider when choosing the color of PCB:

1. Functional requirements:

Green PCB: Green PCB is widely used because of its high clarity and low glare characteristics. The green solder mask contrasts sharply with the white text, improving readability while reducing glare and protecting the eyes.

Black PCB: Black PCB provides high light shielding and aesthetics, and looks high-end and atmospheric, but it absorbs more heat and may increase the risk of overheating of sensitive components.

Blue PCB: Blue PCB has good screen printing contrast and is suitable for applications that require high contrast, such as LCD installation.

Red PCB: Red PCB is eye-catching and has high visibility, suitable for high-end electronic devices and occasions that require high-precision circuit boards.

White PCB: White PCB appears clean and tidy in various environments, has high reflectivity, and is suitable for low-light environments or applications that require high contrast.

2. Application scenarios and environmental factors:

Consumer electronics: Green PCB is widely used in consumer electronics due to its low cost and high contrast.

High-end electronic equipment: Red and blue PCB are often used in high-end communication equipment, military electronic products and optical equipment due to their high visibility and contrast.

Lighting industry: White PCB is often used in the lighting industry due to its high reflectivity.

3. Production process and cost-effectiveness:

Production process: PCBs of different colors have different requirements for production process.

Cost-effectiveness: Green PCB is the most widely used, and factories usually reserve a large amount of green paint, which is relatively low in cost. In addition, green is more friendly to the eyes and reduces fatigue caused by long-term work.

In short, the selection of PCB color should be considered comprehensively. If you pursue cost-effectiveness and mass production, choose green, which has low cost and mature technology; if you want to highlight the quality of high-end products, you can choose black, which has high cost but good appearance and texture; blue, red, etc. are determined according to specific scenarios, such as red for high visibility and blue for novel appearance. Comprehensive consideration can be made to choose the right one.

Tags: PCB, What is the best color for PCB
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How thick is 2 oz of copper on a PCB?

January 3rd, 2025

How thick is 2 oz of copper on a PCB? The thickness of 2 oz of copper on a PCB is about 70μm. Ounces are the common unit of PCB copper foil thickness. The thickness of 1 oz copper foil is generally about 35μm, so the thickness of 2 oz copper foil is about twice that of 1 oz, which is about 70μm.

How thick is the copper on a PCB board?

The copper layer thickness on a PCB board is usually between 1oz (35μm) and 4oz (140μm), while the copper layer thickness of a thick copper board can exceed this range, even reaching 10oz or more.

Copper layer thickness selection in different application scenarios

Signal transmission: For signal transmission, a copper layer thickness of 1oz is usually sufficient, because signal transmission mainly focuses on signal integrity and stability.

High current applications: For applications that need to withstand high currents, such as power supplies and industrial control equipment, 2oz or higher copper layer thicknesses are more suitable because they provide better conductivity and carrying capacity.

Special applications: In some special applications, such as motor controllers and battery management systems for new energy vehicles, the high performance of thick copper boards can meet their stringent requirements.

What is the standard thickness of the copper layer on a PCB?

The standard thickness of the copper layer on a PCB usually ranges from 1oz to 4oz. The specific choice depends on the application scenario and requirements. For signal transmission, a thickness of 1oz is usually sufficient; for occasions that require high current, 2oz or 3oz copper thickness is more suitable.

Application scenarios of copper layers of different thicknesses

1oz copper thickness: suitable for general signal transmission, such as ordinary double-sided boards.

2oz copper thickness: suitable for occasions that require larger currents, such as power boards.

3oz copper thickness: suitable for high current and high power applications, such as some special industrial equipment.

The choice of copper layer thickness is mainly based on the purpose of the circuit board, the signal voltage and the current. In addition, thicker copper layers can improve the electrical performance and load-bearing capacity of the circuit board, but it will also increase the manufacturing cost.

How to calculate PCB thickness?

The calculation of PCB thickness mainly depends on the thickness of the copper foil and the number of layers and structure of the PCB.

The thickness of the copper foil is usually expressed in ounces (OZ), and 1OZ copper foil is approximately equal to 35 microns (um) or 1.4 mils (mil). Common PCB copper foil thicknesses are 17.5um, 35um, 70um, etc.

The thickness of the multilayer board also needs to consider the lamination loss, which is usually related to the residual copper rate of the inner copper foil. The specific formula for calculating the lamination thickness is: Lamination thickness = PP theoretical thickness – lamination loss.

What is the difference between 1oz and 2oz copper PCB?

The main difference between 1oz and 2oz copper PCBs is the thickness of the copper foil and the applicable scenarios.

1. Copper foil thickness:

1oz copper thickness: 1oz copper thickness means that the weight of copper foil per square foot of board area is 1 ounce (about 35.3 grams), and the corresponding copper foil thickness is about 1.4 mils (0.035mm).

2oz copper thickness: 2oz copper thickness means that the weight of copper foil per square foot of board area is 2 ounces (about 70.6 grams), and the corresponding copper foil thickness is about 2.8 mils (0.071mm).

2. Applicable scenarios:

1oz copper thickness: Suitable for most common circuit board designs and applications because it is low cost and can meet general needs.

2oz copper thickness: Suitable for applications that require higher current carrying capacity, such as power electronic devices and high-power LEDs.

3. Cost:

1oz copper thickness: It is a common choice due to its low cost.

2oz copper thickness: Due to the thicker copper foil, the cost is relatively high.

How thick is the copper in a flex PCB?

The copper thickness in a flexible PCB is usually 1/3 ounce (OZ), 1/2OZ, 1OZ and 2OZ, and the corresponding physical thickness is 12μm, 18μm, 35μm and 70μm respectively.

Choosing the right copper thickness is a key link in the design of flexible boards, and factors such as the application requirements, cost and technical feasibility of the circuit board need to be considered. Thicker copper foil can provide better current conduction, reduce resistance and heat generation, and improve the stability and efficiency of the circuit, but at the same time it will increase the cost and processing difficulty.

What is the thickness tolerance of copper in PCB?

The thickness tolerance standard of copper in PCB mainly depends on the type and specification of the board used.

According to the GB/T 4722 standard, the common PCB board copper thickness standard tolerances are as follows:

0.5mm board thickness: coarse tolerance is ±0.07mm, fine tolerance is ±0.01mm.
0.7mm board thickness: coarse tolerance is ±0.15mm, fine tolerance is ±0.09mm.
0.8mm plate thickness: rough tolerance is ±0.15mm, fine tolerance is ±0.09mm.
1.0mm plate thickness: rough tolerance is ±0.17mm, fine tolerance is ±0.11mm.
1.2mm plate thickness: rough tolerance is ±0.18mm, fine tolerance is ±0.12mm.
1.5mm plate thickness: rough tolerance is ±0.20mm, fine tolerance is ±0.14mm.
1.6mm plate thickness: rough tolerance is ±0.20mm, fine tolerance is ±0.14mm.
2.0mm plate thickness: rough tolerance is ±0.23mm, fine tolerance is ±0.15mm.
2.4mm plate thickness: rough tolerance is ±0.25mm, fine tolerance is ±0.18mm.
3.2mm board thickness: the rough tolerance is ±0.30mm, and the fine tolerance is ±0.20mm.

In addition, according to the IPC-6011 standard, the inner layer copper thickness tolerance is usually 10%, and the outer layer copper thickness tolerance is usually +20%. For PCBs with a thickness of less than 1mm, the board thickness tolerance is ±10% of the board thickness; for PCBs with a thickness greater than or equal to 1mm, the board thickness tolerance is ±0.10%.

How to choose PCB copper layer thickness?

There are several key factors to consider when choosing the thickness of the PCB copper layer:

Current carrying capacity: Generally speaking, the thicker the copper, the better the electrical performance of the circuit board, and it can carry more current. For power lines or high-power applications that require large currents to pass through, using thicker copper foil can effectively reduce the temperature rise of the line and avoid performance degradation or safety issues caused by overheating.

Signal transmission quality: Thicker copper foil can reduce wire resistance, reduce attenuation and delay during signal transmission, and thus improve signal integrity. Especially in high-frequency circuit design, precise control of copper foil thickness is the key to achieving good impedance matching, reducing signal reflection and crosstalk.

Cost considerations: The thicker the copper, the higher the cost of the circuit board. Because thicker copper foil will increase material costs and processing difficulty, leading to an increase in overall costs.

Application scenarios Ordinary double-sided boards usually use 1oz copper thickness, while the inner layer of multi-layer boards is generally 1/2oz or 1/3oz, and the outer layer is 1oz or 1/2oz1. For circuits that require high current, 2oz or 3oz copper thickness may be used.

In short, the PCB copper thickness varies greatly. 0.5 ounce copper foil is low in cost and easy to process, suitable for simple and small products; 1 ounce is highly versatile and suitable for general electronic products; 2 ounces of copper is about 70μm thick, can carry more current, and has relatively good heat dissipation performance, but it is costly and difficult to process, and is often used in industrial equipment with extremely high power requirements. The copper thickness should be selected according to the actual situation of product function, cost, etc. to ensure that it is easy to use and economical.

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How to clean a pcb? How to clean circuit board corrosion?

January 2nd, 2025

How to clean a pcb?First, prepare a soft brush, high-concentration isopropyl alcohol or special cleaning agent, and tweezers, and take power-off and anti-static measures. Then use a soft brush dipped in cleaning agent to brush, soak the stains in the cleaning agent first and then brush, use a cotton swab to clean the gaps and blow them clean again. After cleaning, use a low-temperature hot air blower to blow dry from a distance, and finally check whether the appearance is damaged and perform functional tests.

How do you clean up PCBs?

PCB is a key component of electronic equipment. Cleaning PCB helps ensure its normal operation and extend its service life. Here are some common cleaning methods and precautions:

How to clean a pcb? How to clean circuit board corrosion?

1. Eraser cleaning method:

Tools: Choose a soft eraser.

Operation: Gently press the eraser on the part that needs to be cleaned, such as the gold finger, and wipe back and forth along its arrangement direction until the surface is restored to brightness. This method is simple and effective, and will not damage the gold-plated layer on the surface of the gold finger.

2. Alcohol wiping method:

Tools: medical alcohol (or anhydrous ethanol), soft cloth or cotton wool.

Operation: Pour an appropriate amount of alcohol on a soft cloth or cotton wool, and then gently wipe the surface of the PCB to ensure that the alcohol is evenly covered. After wiping, wait for the alcohol to evaporate naturally.

3. Special detergent method:

Tools: Goldfinger special detergent, board washing water, hydrogen peroxide, etc., as well as cleaning cloth, cotton swabs or soft brushes.

Operation: Dilute the detergent to an appropriate concentration according to the instructions for use, then dip the detergent with a soft cloth, cotton swab or soft brush, and gently wipe the surface of the PCB. After wiping, rinse thoroughly with clean water, then wipe dry with a clean cloth or dry naturally.

4. Ultrasonic cleaning method:

Equipment: Ultrasonic cleaning machine.

Operation: First calculate and configure the dilution ratio of the cleaning solution, add water to the cleaning machine tank, and then add the cleaning solution. Preheat the solution to the appropriate temperature according to the detergent recommendation. Then put in the PCB and set the cleaning time, usually a few minutes. After cleaning, remove the PCB, rinse and dry thoroughly.

5. High-pressure spray cleaning and brushing:

Equipment: High-pressure spray cleaning machine or soft brush.

Operation: High-pressure spray cleaning is to spray the cleaning liquid onto the PCB surface at a high pressure through a high-pressure pump, and use the impact of the water flow to wash away the contaminants. Brushing is to use a soft brush to dip the cleaning liquid and manually or automatically brush the PCB surface.

When cleaning the PCB, you should choose the appropriate cleaning method and tools according to the actual situation, and pay attention to the safety and effectiveness during the operation. At the same time, the cleanliness of the PCB should be carefully checked after cleaning to ensure that there are no residues and stains that affect the performance and stability of the circuit board.

Can you use WD-40 to clean a circuit board?

You can use WD-40 to clean the circuit board, but you need to be careful. WD-40 can effectively remove oil, dust, oxides and some minor corrosion on the circuit board, and can form a thin protective film on the surface of the circuit board to prevent the circuit board from getting wet.

In addition, WD-40 precision electrical cleaner is suitable for various electronic instrument circuit boards. It has the characteristics of fast cleaning and no residue. It is suitable for plastic, rubber and metal materials, safe and non-corrosive.

Advantages and disadvantages of using WD-40 to clean circuit boards

Advantages:

Good cleaning effect: WD-40 can effectively remove various dirt on circuit boards, especially dirt in narrow gaps and between components.

Moisture-proof effect: Form a protective film on the surface of the circuit board to prevent moisture, suitable for circuit boards in humid environments or long-term storage.

Quick drying and no residue: WD-40 precision electrical cleaner evaporates quickly without leaving any residue.

Disadvantages:

Need to dry thoroughly: After cleaning, you must ensure that the circuit board is completely dry, otherwise it may cause problems such as short circuits.

Avoid sensitive components: Avoid WD-40 directly spraying on sensitive components during cleaning, such as high-precision sensors, chip pins, etc.

What is the best solvent to clean PCB?

The best solvent for cleaning PCBs depends on the specific cleaning needs and environmental requirements.

Common solvents and their advantages and disadvantages

Organic solvents: such as acetone, ethanol or isopropyl alcohol. These solvents have strong dissolving power and can effectively remove dirt and grease on the surface of PCB. The advantages are simple operation, easy to obtain solvents, and suitable for most conventional cleaning needs.

Chlorinated solvents: For example, the washing water made by mixing chlorinated solvents with other solvents can dissolve rosin and remove flux quickly, and is easy to volatilize after cleaning, but it is often easy to turn white and sticky, and it is a flammable solvent. Environmental regulations are becoming increasingly stringent, and its use has been reduced.

Hydrocarbon solvents: composed of two elements, carbon and hydrogen, are mainly used to clean various oils, greases, and soldering resins. Hydrocarbon cleaning agents can be used in various ways, but they are flammable and explosive, so safety should be paid attention to when using them.

Water-based washing water: With water as the solute carrier, it is environmentally friendly, safe, non-toxic, and has no irritating gas volatilization. It is suitable for SMT steel mesh, fixtures, wave soldering equipment, etc., with good cleaning effect and environmental protection.

What is a good substitute for PCB cleaner?

Substitutes for PCB cleaners include alcohol, detergent, white vinegar and lemon juice. These alternatives perform well in cleaning electronic components and have less impact on the human body and the environment.

Alcohol: Alcohol is a relatively environmentally friendly cleaning agent that can effectively remove oil and dirt from the surface of PCBs and electronic components. Alcohol is not only affordable and easily available, but also evaporates quickly and does not leave water stains after use.

Dishwashing liquid: Dishwashing liquid does not contain any harmful substances and is harmless to the human body and the environment. It is also suitable for cleaning oil and dirt on the surface of PCB boards and electronic components, and is inexpensive.

White vinegar: White vinegar is an environmentally friendly and non-toxic natural cleaning agent that can effectively remove stains and sediments from the surface of electronic components. White vinegar is readily available in the home and is easy to use.

Lemon juice: Lemon juice contains acidic ingredients that can remove stains and sediments from the surface of electronic components. It is a natural cleaning agent that is non-toxic, environmentally friendly and has a natural aroma.

What breaks down PCBs?

When cleaning PCBs, the following situations may cause them to break down:

Chemical corrosion: Using a cleaning agent containing highly corrosive substances (such as concentrated acids, strong alkalis, and halogenated solvents) will react with the PCB substrate material and destroy its structure; the moisture or chemical components in the cleaning agent residue may also cause oxidation corrosion of the metal circuit, accelerating the aging and decomposition of the PCB.

Physical damage: Brushes with hard bristles, sharp tools, or excessive force can scratch the circuit, damage the protective layer, or even cut the circuit, and may also cause components to loosen and fall off; high temperatures during drying can soften and deform the substrate material, affecting the quality of the solder joints and further damaging the PCB.

Electrostatic discharge: If anti-static measures are not taken during cleaning, static electricity will accumulate and then discharge, which may damage static-sensitive components, cause damage to the internal circuit structure, affect the PCB function, and even cause further damage such as short circuits.

Is 70% isopropyl alcohol safe for electronics?

70% isopropyl alcohol is generally safe for electronic products. It has good cleaning properties, can dissolve common stains such as oil, and has moderate volatility, which means it can evaporate quickly after cleaning. But there are risks. The 30% water it contains may harm components that are sensitive to humidity, causing short circuits, corrosion, or performance degradation.

Of course, as long as you operate carefully, avoid liquid from entering the components, and ensure complete drying, it is generally safe, but higher purity isopropyl alcohol or special cleaning agents may be required for precision or humidity-sensitive electronic products.

How to clean circuit board corrosion?

There are several ways to clean circuit board corrosion:

Use compressed air: Compressed air is a common tool for electronic cleaning. It can remove dust and impurities by releasing short pulses into the vents.

Use baking soda: Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is an alkaline substance that can effectively neutralize the acid in the corrosive solution and help remove corrosion on the surface of the PCB.

Use distilled water: Distilled water has high purity and can be used to clean circuit boards, but you need to be careful to avoid using ordinary tap water because the impurities in it may aggravate corrosion.

Use special cleaning agents: such as board washing water, alcohol, etc. These cleaning agents can effectively remove stains and flux residues on the circuit board.

Ultrasonic cleaning technology: Use ultrasonic vibration to improve the cleaning effect, suitable for the cleaning needs of high-end precision products.

Dry ice cleaning method: This is an environmentally friendly cleaning technology that removes stains by spraying dry ice particles, suitable for precision products that are sensitive to shaking.

Methods to prevent circuit board corrosion include:

Keep it dry: Avoid circuit boards in a humid environment for a long time. Keeping the circuit board dry is the key to preventing corrosion.

Clean flux residues in time: Clean flux residues in time after welding to prevent them from reacting with PCBs and causing corrosion.

In short, cleaning PCBs is an indispensable part of electronic equipment maintenance. By choosing appropriate cleaning methods and tools, pollutants on the PCB surface can be effectively removed, and the stability and service life of the equipment can be improved. At the same time, precautions and effect inspections during the cleaning process are also very important.

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